China
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Fiber and Filament Dyeing
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
Raw mulberry silk is white, golden yellow, or yellow-green, whereas wild silk is light to deep brown. Raw silk does not possess the luster and softness for which this fiber is known. The gummy substance called sericin covering the fibrous material and fibroin imparts a harsh handle and must be removed to bring out the supple and lustrous qualities. Sericin and fibroin, the two components of raw silk, are both proteins, but they differ considerably in their relative compositions of various amino acids and accessibility. The process for the removal of sericin is known as degumming, boiling off, and, less commonly, scouring. Degumming also removes accompanying substances like fats, oils, natural pigments, and mineral components. The main degumming agent is soap. Boiling off or degumming of silk is carried out just below boil (90°C–95°C) in soap solution with or without alkali according to the quality of the fiber.
Development of special purpose silk thread through reverse engineering and yarn geometry for use in engines of battle tanks
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2025
Abdul Kadhar Katpadi Mohammed, Jaganathan Kandasamy, Subhas V. Naik, Manoj Kumar, Shyam R. Sundar
The Raw silk is produced by extracting filament from cocoons that are drawn out together depending on the desired fineness which is generally of 20/22 denier. The Organzine silk yarn refers to the silk thread produced by twisting the raw silk to the extent of 700 tpm, doubled and then twisted in opposite direction to the extent of 600 tpm. The tram silk refers to the silk thread produced by doubling the raw silk and twisting to the extent of 200 tpm.
Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from silkworm cocoons to use as the cathode material for Al-air battery
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Silk is the main economic natural fiber of the Asia region. A wide range of applications, silk has attracted research interest for many years because of its excellent mechanical, physical, and environment-obliging properties (Porter and Vollrath 2009). Silk fibers are also employed as sutures in biomedical applications (Meinel et al. 2006), while fibroin is used in biotechnological materials and in biomedical applications (Jin et al. 2004). Silk products have been developed for external skin preparations including wound dressing, masks, carbonized cocoons as gas adsorbents, and hazardous substance decomposers. Applications of carbonized silk materials can also be found in other fields such as fuel cell production, capacitors, and electromagnetic shields. Furthermore, ongoing research is investigating silk synthesis to become carbon fibers. Khan et al. (Md et al. 2007) synthesized carbon fibers from natural biopolymers and Bombyx mori silk fibroin at 800°C to improve mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, while Deng et al. (Deng et al. 2010) determined that carbon fiber made of silk fiber as a platform of microbial biosensor had the ability to detect toxic substrates. Silkworm cocoon (SC) is the raw silk fiber and the biological structural material fabricated by silkworm larvae. SC has a porous structure with good collision resistance, sorption ability, electrical and photo-electrical properties dependent on temperature and humidity conditions (Cheng et al. 2019; Chen, Porter, and Vollrath 2012, 2010; Kaur et al. 2013; Tulachan et al. 2014). SC were used as the sorbent materials, protective materials, gas filters and bio-sensors (Chen, Porter, and Vollrath 2010). These properties of the SC have attracted more attention for years (Zhao et al. 2005; 2007; Guan et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2017). However, there is still no updated report concerning CNTs synthesis from SC through CVD to improve material properties. Thus, this research presents an initial report concerning the development of new materials by the synthesis of CNTs grafts on substrate made from SC. In this study, CNTs were synthesized and investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as Raman spectroscope. Moreover, the electrochemical property of CNTs used as cathode materials for aluminum-air battery was examined by Potentiostat.