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Living room furnishings
Published in V. Ramesh Babu, S. Sundaresan, Home Furnishing, 2018
Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word “upholstery” comes from the Middle English words up and holden, meaning to hold up. The term is applied to domestic furniture and also to applications in automobiles.3 The following are the upholstery applications:Auto floor matsAutomotive carpetingAutomotive seatingSeat coversSeat beltsAir bagsSteering wheel coversAutomotive headlinersAuto trim/supported poly vinyl chloride (PVC)Auto trim/leatherAuto trim/other automotive upholsteryCar covers.
Flammability
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 2020
The following materials can be tested following to this standard: Combinations of covering and filling materials that are used in upholstered furniture.Covers/fabrics that can also be tested in combination with standard fillings.
Plasma bisphenol a and phthalate levels in children with cerebral palsy: a case-control study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Özlem Tezol, Sıddıka Songül Yalçin, Anıl Yirün, Aylin Balci Özyurt, Çetin Okuyaz, Pınar Erkekoğlu
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are two of the most common environmental endocrine-disruptors for human and exposed via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact (Kahn et al. 2020). BPA is used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Metallic food and soda containers, thermal papers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and dental sealants are among the sources of human exposure to BPA (U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission 2022). Phthalates are used to increase the flexibility of plastics. Phthalates have been used in wall coverings, tablecloths, furniture upholstery, carpet backings, shower curtains, garden hoses, rainwear, toys, shoes, automobile upholstery, food packaging, cosmetics, medical tubing, and blood storage bags, and some medications. Air, dust, and water are other possible sources of BPA and phthalate exposure (Lin et al. 2021).
Restricted substances for textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Arun Kumar Patra, Siva Rama Kumar Pariti
Phthalates are a group of man-made chemicals commonly used to increase the flexibility of plastics in a wide range of consumer products. They also make the plastic harder to break and are often called plasticizers. One of the major uses of phthalates has been in manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Interestingly, PVC is the second most-commonly used plastic in the world and finds use in a large number of products like vinyl flooring, adhesives, detergents, lubricating oils, automotive plastics, pipes and tubings, electrical wiring, packaging and a large number of consumer goods. Phthalates are used widely in wall coverings, table cloths, rain coats, furniture upholstery, carpet backings, shower curtains, shoes, inflatable toys, garden hoses, automotive upholstery, food packaging, medical tubing and blood storage containers. Their applications also include personal-care products like soaps, shampoos, hair sprays, skin care products, cosmetics and nail polishes (Duty, Ackerman, Calafat, & Hauser, 2005; Kwapniewski et al., 2008). In textile manufacturing, they can be used in screen printing, heat transfer inks and plastisol inks (https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phthalates_FactSheet.html) and some phthalates can also be effective solvents (http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/actionplans/phthalates_actionplan_revised_2012-03-14.pdf).
The occurrence and degradation of aquatic plastic litter based on polymer physicochemical properties: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2018
Tom Bond, Veronica Ferrandiz-Mas, Mónica Felipe-Sotelo, Erik van Sebille
In addition to the listed applications for PET, polyester fibres are also widely used in clothing, bed sheets, blankets and furniture upholstery. This, together with its high density, 1.36–1.37 g·cm−3 for PET (Table 2), explains why polyester is disproportionately abundant in sewage works and the deep sea, relative to its EU plastics demand (Figure 1). For example, polyester fibres have been reported as the most abundant plastics identified in Australian and Finnish sewage treatment plants and the commonest synthetic fibre in German sewage treatment plants (Table 5). Murphy and co-workers (2016) investigated the removal of microplastics throughout a Scottish sewage treatment plant and found that polyester was the commonest plastic in primary effluent and final effluent (Table 5).