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Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name Oldhamite Oligoclase Olivenite Olivine Opal Orpiment Orthoclase Orthopyroxene Paragonite Parisite Pectolite Penfieldite Pentlandite Percylite Periclase Petalite Pharmacosiderite Phenakite Phillipsite Phlogopite Phosgenite Piemontite Pigeonite Pollucite Polybasite Powellite Prehnite Proustite Pseudobrookite Psilomelane Pumpellyite Pyrargyrite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyrochroite Pyrolusite Pyromorphite Pyrope Pyrophyllite Pyrrhotite Quartz () Rammelsbergite Realgar Riebeckite Rutile Safflorite Samarskite Sapphirine Scapolite Scolecite Scorodite Sellaite Senarmontite Serpentine Siderite Sillimanite Co-Skutterudite Smithsonite Sodalite Formula CaS ([NaSi]0.9-0.7[CaAl]0.1-0.3)AlSi2O8 Cu2(AsO4)(OH) (Mg,Fe)SiO4 SiO2nH2O As2S3 KAlSi3O8 (Mg,Fe)SiO3 NaAl2AlSi3O10(OH)2 (Ce,La,Na)FCO3CaCO3 Ca2NaH(SiO3)3 Pb4Cl6(OH)2 Fe4.75Ni5.25S8 PbCuCl2(OH)2 MgO LiAlSi4O10 Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)35H2O Be2SiO4 K(Ca0.5,Na)2[Al3Si5O16]6H2O KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Pb2(CO3)Cl2 Ca2Al1.5Mn1.5(SiO4)3OH (Mg,Fe,Ca)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 CsAlSi2O6 (Ag,Cu)16Sb2S11 Ca(Mo,W)O4 Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Ag3AsS3 Fe2TiO5 BaMn9O16(OH)4 Ca2Al2(Al,Fe,Mg)[Si2(O,OH)7](SiO4) (OH,O)3 Ag3SbS3 FeS2 NaCaNb2O6F Mn(OH)2 MnO2 Pb5(PO4,AsO4)3Cl Mg3Al2Si3O12 Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Fe0.885S SiO2 NiAs2 As4S4 Na2Fe5FSi8O22(OH)2 TiO2 (Co,Fe)As2 (Y,Er,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6 Mg2Al4O6SiO4 (Na,Ca)4Al3(Al,Si)3Si6O24(Cl,F,OH,CO3 ,SO4) CaAl2Si3O103H2O Fe(AsO4)2H2O MgF2 Sb2O3 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 FeCO3 Al2OSiO4 (Co,Ni)As3 ZnCO3 Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 Crystal system cubic triclinic rhombohedral rhombohedral amorp monoclinic monoclinic rhombohedral monoclinic hexagonal triclinic hexagonal cubic cubic cubic monoclinic cubic rhombohedral monoclinic monoclinic tetragonal monoclinic monoclinic tetragonal monoclinic tetragonal rhombohedral rhombohedral rhombohedral rhombohedral monoclinic rhombohedral cubic cubic hexagonal tetragonal hexagonal cubic monoclinic hexagonal hexagonal orthorhombic monoclinic monoclinic tetragonal rhombohedral rhombohedral monoclinic tetragonal monoclinic rhombohedral tetragonal cubic monoclinic hexagonal rhombohedral cubic rhombohedral cubic /g cm-3 2.59 2.64 4.2 3.81 1.9 3.46 2.56 3.6 2.85 4.42 2.88 6.6 4.8 3.6 2.42 2.80 2.98 2.2 2.83 6.13 3.49 3.38 2.9 6.1 4.35 2.93 5.57 4.36 4.71 3.21 5.85 5.02 5.3 3.26 5.08 7.04 3.58 2.78 4.62 2.65 7.1 3.5 3.3 4.23 7.3 5.69 3.49 2.64 2.27 3.28 3.15 5.58 2.55 3.9 3.25 6.8 4.4 2.30 Hardness 4 6.3 3 6.8 5 1.8 6 5.5 2.5 4.5 4.8 3.8 2.5 5.5 6.5 2.5 7.5 4.3 2.3 2.5 6 6 6.5 2.5 3.8 6.3 2.3 6 5.5 5.5 2.5 6.3 5.3 2.5 6.3 3.8 6.8 1.5 4 7 5.8 1.8 5 6.2 4.8 5.5 7.5 5.5 5 3.8 5 2.3 3 4.3 7 5.8 4.3 5.8 n 2.137 1.539 1.77 1.73 1.44 2.40 1.523 1.709 1.572 1.672 1.603 2.13 2.05 1.735 1.506 1.690 1.654 1.494 1.560 2.118 1.762 1.702 1.517 1.971 1.622 2.792 2.38 1.688 2.88 n 1.543 1.80 1.76 2.81 1.527 1.712 1.602 1.771 1.610 2.21
Adsorption of tannic acid as depressant in the flotation separation of fluorite and bastnaesite
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2023
Chunlei Guo, Shaochun Hou, Hailong Jin, Weiwei Wang
XPS is suitable for analysing the compositions and chemical state changes, and improves the understanding of the interaction mechanism between TA and fluorite or bastnaesite from a microscopic perspective. The XPS spectra of bastnaesite and fluorite, and the atomic composition of their surfaces before and after the TA treatment are shown in Figure 12 and Table 5, respectively. The results in Table 5 show that for pure fluorite, the F and Ca contents on the fluorite surface were 39.94% and 21.71%, respectively. The reason for the higher F content was that F- had a larger ionic radius than Ca2+ and provided a certain shielding effect on Ca2+, which resulted in strong hydrophilicity of the fluorite surface. However, fluorite minerals typically possess excellent floatability in the solution owing to the preferential dissolution of fluoride ions in the fluorite lattice, which leads to a relatively high calcium content on the fluorite surface and allows fluorite to be easily recovered by fatty acid collectors (Yang et al. 2013; Chen 2019). In addition, the presence of C and O atoms is the result of inevitable contamination (Cao et al. 2018a). Nevertheless, for pure bastnaesite, the higher C and O contents rendered it more hydrophilic than fluorite. In addition, the occurrence of calcium atoms was due to a limited amount of parisite in the bastnaesite sample, as previously mentioned. Furthermore, the C and O contents on the surfaces of fluorite and bastnaesite increased significantly after TA treatment.
Recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from primary raw material: sulphatization-leaching-precipitation-extraction
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2018
Zaure Karshigina, Zinesh Abisheva, Yelena Bochevskaya, Ata Akcil, Elmira Sargelova, Bulat Sukurov, Igor Silachyov
Figure 3 shows the photos and results of EDS analysis of the ore sample, with high REMs concentration i.e. (Figure 3a) showing a 2000 times magnified image, (Figure 3b) showing an area of 5 × 5 μm and a 4300 times magnified image. Elemental EDS analysis of a specific section of the sample revealed that REMs can be present both in the form of phosphates (possibly, сhurchite and ittrorhabdophanite), and in the form of carbonates or fluorocarbonates (possibly, yttrium and neodymium bastnaesite). The presence of calcium may indicate the presence of REMs-containing mineral – parisite.
Recovery and Recycling of Cerium from Primary and Secondary Resources- a Critical Review
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2020
A simple operational method for separating cerium from other lanthanides in natural mixtures of cerium dioxide with lanthanide(III) hydroxides from Vietnamese parisite and Mongolian bastnäsite, has been developed (Mioduski, Hao and Luan 1989). The material dried in air at ~200°C for 6 h followed by reaction with concentrated nitric acid at S/L ratio of 1:1.5. The leach residue containing ~90% REO (94% CeO2, 6% Nd-Pr oxides) can be a suitable material for polishing material by removing thorium.