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Nanoparticle-Mediated Small RNA Deliveries for Molecular Therapies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Uday Kumar Sukumar, Tarik F. Massoud
Stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) are another type of nanoformulation in which nucleic acids are complexed with lipids to form stable nanoparticles for nucleic acid deliveries. SNALPs are approximately 100–150 nm in size, which facilitates efficient delivery of nucleic acids in vivo, while protecting them from nuclease-mediated degradation in the systemic circulation. SNALPs differ from lipoplexes in that the former forms physical nanostructures with certain sizes, whereas for lipoplexes, charge-based chemical composition helps them to form complexes and also facilitates transfection of loaded nucleic acids into the cells. Most SNALPs are made from cationic polymers using PEG as a base material. The bilayer lipid nanoparticles enter cells efficiently by endocytosis. Upon slow release of the loaded small RNA cargos inside the cells, efficient silencing of target genes may ensue. SNALPs were first formulated by Semple et al. for antisense oligonucleotide delivery [12]. In general, SNALPs are made from a combination of high transition temperature phospholipid, a PEGylated lipid, an ionizable cationic phospholipid (1,2-dioleyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane (DODMA), and 1,2-dioleyl-3-dimethylammonium propane (DODAP)) [12]. Following the initial combination developed by Semple et al., several others have developed SNALPs by identifying various ionizable phospholipids of different saturation degrees to achieve effective fusogenic property to transfect cells efficiently [13, 14].
Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Medicine: Trends in Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Solid lipid nanoparticles combine the advantages of colloidal liposome or nano-emulsion systems with polymeric nanoparticles. Generally, solid lipid nanoparticles have superior biocompatibility and biodegradability; can be synthesised without the use of organic solvents that may otherwise damage payloads; have high physical stability, thereby allowing for ease of sterilisation and storage; can control drug release and targeting; can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs; and they can be manufactured in large scale. Solid lipid nanoparticles are widely used to improve hydrophobic drug delivery to target cells, either through passive mechanisms dependent on the tissue microenvironment, through active mechanisms promoted by the use of surface modification of solid lipid nanoparticles, or via codelivery mechanisms. A popularised modification of solid lipid nanoparticles is PEGylation to facilitate improved circulation time and reduced immune recognition, often resulting in improved bioactivity of loaded drugs in vivo and improved MI therapy (Zhang et al. 2016; Guo et al. 2019). In addition, PEGylation provides an additional modification site (also known as a PEG linker) to further functionalise the nanoparticles.
Nanodiamonds and Other Organic Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Modifications
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
Navneet Kaur, Chander Prakash, Aman Bhalla, Ganga Ram Chaudhary
The earliest lipid-based nanostructures were mainly liposomes, but technical drawbacks such as poor stability, low encapsulation efficiency, and poor cell interactions limited their use as pharmaceutical carriers. The latest lipid methodologies, including solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, have proved to be more efficient in pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery and release as compared to traditional liposomes. The term lipid-based nanoparticles is collectively used for both systems, i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers are spherical structures with size range of 40–1000 nm and consist of lipids and surfactants which are dispersed in aqueous solvents. The major component is the lipid itself, whereas the surfactant, which is present in small concentrations (5–20 %), acts as a stabilizer (Müller et al., 2002). The physicochemical properties and sizes of nanoparticles are specific to the choice of lipid and surfactant as well. The most used lipids for the synthesis of solid lipid nanoparticles are fatty acids, (mono-, di-, and tri-) glycerides, steroids, and waxes.
Development of pitavastatin-loaded super-saturable self-nano emulsion: a continues screening and optimization approach using statistical technique
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Ilham Kuncahyo, Syaiful Choiri, Achmad Fudholi, Ronny Martien, Abdul Rohman
The lipid-based formulation had several advantages, namely low cost, high drug load, hinder p-gp efflux, lymphatic pathway transport, and protecting them in the intestinal environment against enzymatic degradation or alteration of pH.[10,11] Enhancement bioavailability can be easily achieved by changing the transport system and enhancing solubility. Among lipid-based formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers gain particular consideration for development.[12,13] However, those lipid-based formulations were failures during scale-up owing to low efficiency and feasibility. Therefore, nano-emulsion along with low required energy and self-formation, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a more promising candidate for delivering a lipophilic drug that does not require sophisticated equipment. In addition, it is low cost due to self-mechanism during the formation of nano-droplet.[7,14] SNEDDS is based on the lipid formulation in which a pre-concentration of organic components comprising oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant produces nano-droplet itself when it is introduced to water under a gentle agitation.[15,16]
Bioinspired and green water repellent finishing of textiles using carnauba wax and layer-by-layer technique
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Azadeh Bashari, Amir H. Salehi K., Niloofar Salamatipour
In this study, a novel type of water-repellent textiles with a natural agent via environmentally friendly synthesizing and finishing process has been developed. In summary, the research includes following steps:Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by an organic solvent free emulsion/melt dispersion method.Characterization of SLNs via SEM, DLS methods.Preparation of cotton, cotton/PA6 and PA6 fabrics.Finishing of fabrics via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique to obtain water-repellent textile with enhanced washing fastness.Assessment of different properties of treated fabrics
Recapitulate genistein for topical applications including nanotechnology delivery
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Afroz Jahan, Juber Akhtar, Neha Jaiswal, Asad Ali, Usama Ahmad
The most widely studied nanotechnology based lipid nanoparticles are solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Although both SLN and NLC contain a thick lipid matrix, NLC are structured with a mixture of oil and solid lipid, which may increase drug loading and stability.[123] An exploratory examination compared NLC and SLN nanoparticles communal with genistein-increased penetration and for regulated release in skin in deeper skin strata. The genistein–NLC combination was the most effective in promoting penetration into the deeper skin layers, suggesting that nanotechnology based NLC might be a viable Nano-carrier for the topical administration of genistein.[116]