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Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian, Care and Maintenance of Textile Products Including Apparel and Protective Clothing, 2018
Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian
Crease-resist garments have been in use for quite some time. The use of resins and cross-linking agents is well established for cotton and its blends. In the case of synthetics, especially polyester, heat-setting techniques have been well-researched. These finishes have to be taken into consideration while preparing care labels.
Wrinkle free plaited knitted fabrics without pre-heat setting
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Tariq Mansoor, Hafiz Faisal Siddique, Azam Ali, Petra Komarkova, Antonin Havelka, Zahid Hussain
The primary objective of heat setting operation is to dimensionally stabilize the fabrics when contain thermoplastic fibers. These fabrics may cause shrinkage, wrinkled, or distorted during wet processing or in the consumer’s hands. The heat setting is a way to reduce or eliminate these undesirable properties (Tomasino, 1992). Heat setting process is a key step for achieving the desired properties (width, weight, stretch, and power, etc.) in fabrics. Furthermore, heat setting also reduces the effect of creasing up to some extent (Meredith, 1971). Elastic-knitted fabrics in gray stage are relaxed and further the fabric is heat set, bleached, dyed, and compacted in the wet processing treatment. Heat setting process is the key step to lock the desired fabric properties like width, weight, stretch, and power (Meredith, 1971; Senthilkumar, Anbumani, & Hayavadana, 2011). There are many ways of heat setting i.e. contact (dry), steam, hydro, etc. (Karmakar, 1999). Dry heat setting of filament fabrics is considered in relation to dimensional stability, wet creasing, stiffness and recovery from dry creasing, and dyeing properties. Wet processing of knitted fabrics often causes distortions in the fabrics like creases and wrinkles. In knitted fabric, all types of shrinkage take place when the moisture content is below 50%, the loop length is only main factor influencing the dimensional properties of the knitted fabrics (Marvin, 1954). (Patil, Raichurkar, Kulkarni, Patil, & Sayyed, 2011; Ziko, 2015). The increase of draw ratio in the elastane plaiting yarn leads to an increase in dimensional change, stitch density, fabric weight, and wrinkle effect (Uçar, Karakaş, & Şen, 2007). Heat setting is also used as treatment by which crease resistance, resilience, shape retention, and elasticity are imparted to the fibers. It also brings changes in softness, stretch ability, strength, dye ability, and sometimes on the color of the material (Karmakar, 1999). It also removes any creases, improves shrinkage resistance, guarantees level dyeing, and improves the fabric handle (Gacén, Cayuela, Maillo, & Gacén, 2002). The purpose of the heat-setting is stabilization of fiber dimensions, relaxation of internal stresses in the fiber and stabilization of the crystalline structure (Bunsell 2009). Furthermore, researchers have proposed some studies regarding shrinkage control other than heat setting. In fact, they support the theory that open or loose construction fabrics show better crease recovery than dense fabrics (Karmakar, 1999). Fabric bulk depends on the loop length in all states of relaxation and also has a linear relationship with the tightness factor after full relaxation as well (Sharma, Ghosh, & Gupta, 1985) and thickness of fabric values also varies with respect to loop length (Prakask, 2008; Prakash & Thangamani, 2010). Some studies stated that loop length is the only factor influencing the dimensional properties of the knitted fabric (Matich-Leigh, Goswami, & Parachuru, 1993). (Marmarali, 2003) investigated that as the amount of spandex increases loop length values remain nearly the same; furthermore, the course and wale spacing values decrease.