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Ceramic materials
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
A range of clays, predominantly blends of alumina and silica, high in silica (40–80%) and low in iron oxide (2–3%), produce fireclay refractory products, which will withstand high temperatures without deformation. Dense products have high flame resistance, while the insulating lower-density products are suitable for flue linings. White glazed fireclay is typically used for urinals, floor channels, as well as industrial and laboratory sinks.
Whiteware and Glazes
Published in Debasish Sarkar, Ceramic Processing, 2019
An updraft kiln is so named because the hot gas travels upward and is used for firing bricks. An example is a scove kiln, which is the most primitive type of kiln. It is used to fire clay bricks for common application. The kiln’s dimensions vary according to the ability of its firing system to achieve the homogeneous heating and mechanical strength of the green brick. When bricks are set in the kiln, the outer layer is covered by clay, called “scoving,” hence the name a scove kiln. In the case of a clamp kiln, the scoved region is replaced with a solid brick wall where fireboxes and permanent grates are employed for coal firing. To get rid of hot spots with low resistance to flue gas motion, these hot spot regions are made rigid to force the flue gas flow toward a cooler region. To avoid an overfired and unmatured body due to placement in the kiln, overhead kilns are used to position the batch as a whole and remove after firing.
Investigation of the Impact of Pinus Silvestris Pine Needles Bed Parameters on the Spread of Ground Fire in Still Air
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
O. P. Korobeinichev, S. Muthu Kumaran, V. Raghavan, S. A. Trubachev, A. A. Paletsky, A. G. Shmakov, R. K. Glaznev, A. A. Chernov, A. G. Tereshchenko, E. L. Loboda, D. P. Kasymov
Figure 1 shows the schematic of the computational domain (for 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm bed) and boundary conditions used in the study. A similar domain is used for 8 cm bed, hence not shown here. The domain is symmetric in the y-direction (x-z plane). The length, width and height of the domain are 1196 mm (700 mm for 8 cm bed), 600 mm (170 mm for 8 cm bed) and 300 mm, respectively. An asbestos sheet of thickness 12 mm and width equal that of the pine bed is placed over the entire length of the wind tunnel. Pine bed of length 996 mm (500 mm for 8 cm bed) and depth 2.5 cm (2.2 cm for 8 cm and 20 cm bed) is kept at 100 mm from the leading edge of the domain. The width (a, cm) of the bed is specified as required during the simulations. A fire clay of thickness 10 mm bounds the pine bed in the y-direction. All the boundaries, except the bottom, are open to atmosphere.
Property analysis of thermal insulating materials made from Ghanaian anthill clay deposits
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Furthermore, the relatively low cost of sawdust, rice husk and RAC compared to the conventional materials used in producing refractories will help to reduce the overall cost of manufacturing high-temperature furnaces. These materials give an economic advantage in the production of fire clays than other conventional materials. Finally, clay materials have been reported to be abundantly available in Ghana and will therefore make the production of the thermally insulating fire clays from the RAC sustainable (Asamoah et al., 2018; Williams & Haydel, 2010). Therefore, the results obtained imply that the RAC and its additives studied will not only improve the performance of the fire clay but also used for the designing and manufacturing of environment-friendly, sustainable and economical fire clay liners.
Damage detection in composite structures with high-damping materials using time reversal method
Published in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2018
Hang Xiao, Yanfeng Shen, Li Xiao, Wenzhong Qu, Ye Lu
As shown in Figure 8, the impact damage is distant from the sensing path between sensors #4 and #7, which might represent an undamaged wave path. Comparisons of the time reversal reconstructed signal with the excitation signal under 100 and 20 Vpp excitations are shown in Figure 9(a) for the pristine path (#4 to #7). The correlation coefficients calculated by Equation (4) with two different excitation amplitudes were both 99%, corresponding to a damage index of 0.01. This result shows that, at these two different levels of excitation, the distant damage had negligible effect on the Lamb wave propagation in this pristine path. Any damping effect in this path inherently from the composite material was too weak to affect the time reversal reconstructed signal. It is also evident that, although this sensing path was close to the location of the fire clay, no significant wave scattering is observed, indicating that the presence of fire clay did not play a role as damage to break the time-reversibility of the Lamb waves.