China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Applications
Published in Raj P. Chhabra, CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering Second Edition, 2017
Joshua D. Ramsey, Ken Bell, Ramesh K. Shah, Bengt Sundén, Zan Wu, Clement Kleinstreuer, Zelin Xu, D. Ian Wilson, Graham T. Polley, John A. Pearce, Kenneth R. Diller, Jonathan W. Valvano, David W. Yarbrough, Moncef Krarti, John Zhai, Jan Kośny, Christian K. Bach, Ian H. Bell, Craig R. Bradshaw, Eckhard A. Groll, Abhinav Krishna, Orkan Kurtulus, Margaret M. Mathison, Bryce Shaffer, Bin Yang, Xinye Zhang, Davide Ziviani, Robert F. Boehm, Anthony F. Mills, Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Shankar Narasimhan, Donald L. Fenton, Raj M. Manglik, Sameer Khandekar, Mario F. Trujillo, Rolf D. Reitz, Milind A. Jog, Prabhat Kumar, K.P. Sandeep, Sanjiv Sinha, Krishna Valavala, Jun Ma, Pradeep Lall, Harold R. Jacobs, Mangesh Chaudhari, Amit Agrawal, Robert J. Moffat, Tadhg O’Donovan, Jungho Kim, S.A. Sherif, Alan T. McDonald, Arturo Pacheco-Vega, Gerardo Diaz, Mihir Sen, K.T. Yang, Martine Rueff, Evelyne Mauret, Pawel Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Zbicinski, Mariia Sobulska, P.S. Ghoshdastidar, Naveen Tiwari, Rajappa Tadepalli, Raj Ganesh S. Pala, Desh Bandhu Singh, G. N. Tiwari
Figure 4.31.3 shows a schematic for the working of a continuous tank for melting glass. The tanks are generally rectangular in shape. As shown in the figure, the compartment into which the batch or raw material is introduced is the “melting end,” and is the bigger compartment, while the smaller compartment is called the “working end” where the glass is cooled and distributed for use. These two compartments are separated by a permanent “bridge” wall or by floating refractory baffles. The lower part of the furnace called “bath,” where the melted glass is present, is constructed of a refractory block. The role of the refractory block is to minimize the heat losses due to conduction and radiation. Also, the material should be inert to the chemicals involved in glass manufacturing, and should be able to withstand the high temperatures involved. In order to meet these requirements, the refractories may be made of fireclay with addition of burned flint clay, or the typical refractory aluminous compositions. Above the walls of the furnace, combustion takes place in a crown that also covers the furnace from the top. The crown consists of an arched roof made up of silica brick resting upon side walls of silica, or fusion cast refractory. Batch is introduced mechanically by either a screw or by a pusher bar near the back of the melting end. The “doghouse,” a slanted projection, is provided near the entrance to assist in introducing the batch into the furnace. In the melting end of the furnace, this batch is heated until the fluxes melt, and the sand and other ingredients dissolve.
Effect of Al(OH)3 addition on densification mechanism and properties of reaction-sintered mullite-corundum composite ceramics
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2022
Zhenying Liu, Nan Xie, Hanxin Zhang, Shouwu Huang, Chongmei Wu, Shuhuan He, Jinbo Zhu, Yin Liu
Mullite is a nonstoichiometric compound whose composition generally lies between 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2 and 2Al2O3·SiO2. It possesses the advantages of high chemical stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent chemical resistance, superior thermal shock resistance and good creep resistance [15–17]. Thus, preparing mullite ceramics from coal gangue is essential for developing value-added products. Some researchers have attempted to use coal gangue to replace traditionally pure materials during the fabrication of mullite-based ceramics to reduce costs. For example, Ji et al. [18] found that mullite ceramics could be fabricated from coal gangue by adding γ-Al2O3 and bauxite as aluminum sources, rendering excellent performance. Liu et al. [19] used coal gangue and high alumina waste to produce ceramics with excellent properties and realized the resource utilization of coal gangue. Hao et al. [20] reported that low-density ceramic proppants could be successfully prepared from coal gangue and flint clay.
Preparation of low density, high-strength, strong hydrophobic particles (LHSPs) and its application as oil fracturing proppant
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Duo Huang, Jinyu Wang, Li Niu, Cunchuan Zheng
Currently, it is a popular direction to improve the sand-carrying performance of slick water by preparing low-density proppant.[14] Hao et al.[15] prepared low-density ceramic proppants by calcined flint clay and solid waste coal gangue by solid sintering method. Cao et al.[16] creates a self-suspending proppant using ceramic sand, polymers, guar gum, sucrose, and SiO2 nanoparticles. On the other hand, it is inspired by the application of super wettable surfaces in the field of anti-corrosion coating and oil-water separation.[17–20] By modifying the surface of the proppant, helps to improve the conductivity of the proppant-filled layer.[21] Liu et al.[22] used hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) to surface-modify nano-silica (denoted as nano-SiO2) with a size of 15–20 nm through an in-situ surface modification route to achieve strong hydrophobicity. Wang et al.[23] used a hydrophobic quartz sand proppant was prepared with 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for gravel packing technology. The capillary resistance of hydrophobic quartz sand beds to water was used to achieve water inhibition and oil enhancement. However, all these studies mentioned above only modulated a single property of the proppant and did not investigate density, strength, and hydrophobicity at the same time.
A review of different pile design approaches in chalk used in France and the UK: case studies from French sites
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Mirna Doghman, Hussein Mroueh, Sebastien Burlon
This site corresponds to the construction project of the Cambrai wastewater treatment plant. It offers the possibility to study the behaviour of piles placed in Senonian Chalk. The geological profile shows the following sequence of layers (LCPC, 2004):0–5 m: silt;5–9.5 m: flint clay, sand and gravel;over 9.5 m: weathered chalk.