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Nanopretreatments for Textile: Nanoscouring, Nanobleaching, Nanosoftening, and Nanosurface Activation
Published in Prashansa Sharma, Devsuni Singh, Vivek Dave, Fundamentals of Nano–Textile Science, 2023
Subhankar Maity, Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the new fields of study and research in materials science where various nanomaterials are employed for the development of new materials with much better functionality, durability, and performance. In the field of textile wet processing, there are pretreatment and finishing methods of textiles where prominent scope of nanotechnology has been established. Scouring is the most important pretreatment process of textile where surface impurities, oil, and wax are removed from fiber surface so that they become suitable for absorbing moisture, dye, and other finishing agents. Bleaching is another process during which process the textile fibers become whiter. There are many textile-finishing processes by which special properties are imparted on textile cloths, such as antimicrobial, self-cleaning, UV protection, fire retardant, easy care, softening, etc. Deviating from the conventional pretreatment and finishing processes, nanotechnology routes can show us alternative methods by which we can obtain the treated textiles with much better functionality, performance, and durability. This chapter deals with the scouring and bleaching processes of textile materials in nanotechnology route that is called nanopretreatment, and some textile nanofinishing properties, such as UV protection, antimicrobial, self-cleaning, easy care and softening treatment.
Environmental mitigation and pollution control technologies
Published in Anjan Kumar Chatterjee, Cement Production Technology, 2018
Both natural and synthetic fibers are used as filter medium. The types of fabric and their characteristics are given in Table 9.7. These fabrics can either be felted or woven. Felted fabrics are composed of randomly oriented fibers, compressed into a mat. Woven fabrics have a definite long-range repeating pattern. A cross-section of a woven fabric shows considerable porosity in the direction of fluid motion. Felted fabrics are generally two to three times thicker than woven fabrics. More severe cleaning methods are needed for dust cake discharge from felted fabric than from woven fabrics. Felted fabrics are used for a higher air:cloth ratio. Woven fabric generally uses low-energy cleaning. Several chemically and mechanical fabric finishing treatments of these felt fabrics are available that enhance bag life, promote ease in cleaning, provide better dimensional stability, and adjust fabric permeability. The various fabric finishing techniques include heat setting, scouring, glazing, napping, calendaring, resin treating, etc. Ultimately these techniques enhance the ability of fabrics to provide high dust collection efficiency.
Automation and Control in Chemical Processing
Published in L. Ashok Kumar, M. Senthilkumar, Automation in Textile Machinery, 2018
L. Ashok Kumar, M. Senthilkumar
Finishing is the final process for textile materials to make them attractive and user friendly. Public demand regarding the quality and appearance of manufactured textiles has always been the controlling factor in the final sales. The modern trend is toward the better presentation of manufactured textile materials. The better finished textile material sells faster and at better prices. The modern development of control systems in machinery, apart from finishing chemicals and recipe, has helped considerably in improving the marketability of textile materials.
Thermo-physiological comfort properties of various shirt fabrics treated with conventional and nano sized water-oil repellent and wrinkle resistant agents
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Eylen Sema Dalbaşı, Süleyman Çoban, Gonca Özçelik Kayseri
Finishing treatments have great influence on the appearance, handling, and performance characteristics of the fabrics and the functional finishing treatments provide high value-added characteristics to the fabrics. Textile finishing refers to various processes, procedures, and methods impacting the quality of the fiber before and/or after fabric production. Finishing encompasses chemical and mechanical treatments performed on fibers, yarn, or fabric in order to improve appearance, texture, or performance (Nnamdi et al., 2019). The mostly used chemical finishing agents employed in improving functional feature of textiles are fire retardants, antimicrobial agents, UV blockers, water repellents and crosslinking agents (Babu et al., 2007; Jocić, 2010; Tomasino, 1992). As one of the commonly used agents, crosslinkers are especially used for cotton fabrics due to the easily wrinkling feature of cotton fiber during usage and home laundering (Holme, 2007; Ibrahim et al., 2002; Qi et al., 2016). Other important finishing processes are water, oil and stain repellent treatments, which are required in a variety of functional applications including outdoor wear, rainwear, stain resistant products, bandages (Holmquist et al., 2016; Ren & Zhao, 2010).
Fragmented fibre (including microplastic) pollution from textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Alma V. Palacios-Marín, Muhammad Tausif
Textile finishing involves the post-treatment of fabrics to impart a specific aesthetic or functional aspect. In literature, different chemical treatments are reported to coat the surface of synthetic fabrics and mitigate fibre fragmentation and release. The choice of the finishing material was aimed to be from eco-friendly sources to prevent the introduction of external contaminants into the environment (De Falco, Gentile, et al., 2018; De Falco et al., 2019). This included a pectin-based bio-coating obtained from natural polysaccharide organic waste. The abundant availability of raw material and low cost can promote this product to be commercially feasible (De Falco, Gentile, et al., 2018). In addition, two biodegradable polymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), were tested as coating materials for polyamide fabrics. PLA is a form of polyester derived from renewable sources that offers a high coating resistance during washing cycles. At the same time, PBSA is a low-cost random copolymer with an excellent biodegradation rate in the marine environment (De Falco et al., 2019). The finishes were applied to the fabric samples by padding process for pectin based (De Falco, Gentile, et al., 2018) and ElectroFluido-Dynamic method for PLA and PBSA coatings (De Falco et al., 2019). The simulated washing processes were carried out to assess their efficiency, one cycle for Pectin and five for PLA and PBSA. Laundry effluent was filtered, and the amount of FF was calculated. The fabric samples were 100% polyamide-6,6. Commercially available detergent was employed for all the trials (De Falco, Gentile, et al., 2018; De Falco et al., 2019).
Photocatalytic finishing of silk and viscose fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Samiha M. Abo El-Ola, Rehab M. Kotb, Rania N. Shaker
Functional textile in general could be categorized in functions correlated to the basic properties, comfortability, new function(s), and safety. The function(s) of the textile articles application can be categorized into two types; the first is general apparel and the second is special apparel. Finishing of textiles introduces new technical properties i.e. functional properties, which are useful in different end uses. The improvements and inventions in the field of chemistry correlated to functional finishing of the textile industry have been growing rapidly (Senthilkumar, 2015).