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Copper Matrix Composites
Published in Suneev Anil Bansal, Virat Khanna, Pallav Gupta, Metal Matrix Composites, 2023
Prateek Mittal, Jimmy Mehta, Seema Mahto, Sahil Mehta
Fibrous reinforcements are generally identified by the L/D ratio, which in this case is above 100. The thickness of fiber is generally less than 250 μm. Fibers may be of metals, ceramics, or polymers. These are generally seen to possess a small cross-sectional area and large aspect ratio. Fibrous material tends to give higher strength than the original bulk material and imparts very good flexibility to the composite. The Young’s modulus of the fibers is generally low, which gives them the capability to elongate sufficiently upon application of load. Also, the low value of Young’s modulus indicates a high degree of flexibility. Carbon fibers are most commonly used in Cu composites. The density of these fibers is around 2.27 g/cc. The carbon fibers also serve as the source of other reinforcements such carbon nano-tubes (CNTs), nano-wires, and graphene after the drawing or extrusion process (Chawla 2016). CNTs are tubes with less than 50nm diameter. The length ranges in a few microns. These single-walled or multi-walled hollow tubes with low relative density.
Homeowner vulnerability
Published in David Oswald, Trivess Moore, Constructing a Consumer-Focused Industry, 2022
Households are not only subject to natural disasters, such as flooding, but have been exposed to human-made hazards through building materials and construction practices. Perhaps the most high-profile global example is the use of asbestos in buildings. During the 20th century, asbestos (which is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral) was used in many countries as a building material. It is highly heat-resistant and an excellent electrical insulator. However, asbestos is also harmful when the asbestos fibres are inhaled, eventually leading to cancer or asbestosis (a long-term inflammation and scarring of the lungs). Sadly, it has been estimated that asbestos has caused 255,000 deaths globally [13]. Financially, the loss of income (due to asbestos-related death and disability) has been estimated at US$243,619 per affected household [14]. There have been countless lawsuits requesting financial compensation for such losses, with the eventual total cost of litigation for asbestos in the United States alone being estimated at US$200–265 billion [15].
Biocomposites as Implantable Biomaterials
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
Some composites are stronger and stiffer in fibrous form. Fibers are the reinforcement phase and are non-continuous. They are the load-carrying element. The length to diameter aspect ratio of fibers is very high. Strength of the fiber increases as diameter decreases. As diameter decreases, surface flow decreases and strength increases. Fiber type, length, orientation, and volume fraction determine the important properties of a composite. The diameter of the fibers is 5 to 50 μm, which are used to make continuous fiber composites. Short fibers with length 3–50 mm are used to make short fibers or discontinuous composites. Continuous fiber composites are preferred over short-fiber composites, due to their being more efficient. Fibers can be of different dimensions and create planar or unidirectional reinforcement. The volume section of fibers impact the physical properties in the same direction. Planar and unidirectional reinforced composites are anisotropic. An isotropic composite has equal properties in all directions. Laminate composites are fiber-reinforced and anisotropic. Anisotropic layers of laminate composites differ in fiber orientation and volume fraction.
Effect of fibre cross-sectional shape on bending behaviour of yarns and fabrics; part I
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2025
Mukesh Kumar Singh, B. K. Behera
Fibre cross-sectional shapes play a major role to decide the surface geometry of fabrics. The geometry of fibre cross section significantly influences the mechanical properties of fibres. Nature has provided fibres of different cross-sectional shapes but all of them could not be mimicked successfully. The cross section of man-made fibres is determined by the fibre spinning methods, the shape of the spinneret orifice and the method of processing after fibre is spun. The change in cross-sectional shape of fibre is fascinating in manifold (Becerir et al., 2007). To exploit the advantage of fibre cross section during product development different cross-sectional shapes and their influence on fabric properties should be understood. A step ahead, the understanding of fibrous mechanical behaviour is highly demanding as fibres are anisotropic materials in nature and establishing a trend of their behaviour as a function of cross-sectional shapes is a quite complex task.
Fabrication and testing of hybrid fibre reinforced composite: a comprehensive review
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Kapil K. Sharma, Jitendra Kushwaha, Kapil Kumar, Harshit Singh, Yogesh Shrivastava
These are generally used for buildings and structures such as boat hulls, racing car bodies, bathtubs, etc., and the most advanced applications of such materials are spacecraft and marine (Selvaraju and Ilaiyavel 2011) in a demanding environment. Composites are classified on the basis of the form of reinforcement used and matrix used, which are shown in and, respectively (Nagavally 2016). Fibrous composites are the most important type of composite as it offers low density, high strength and stiffness on a weight basis. Specific strength and specific modulus are the parameters to measure these properties, respectively (Callister 2000). As discussed above, there are two constituents present in the composites: dispersed phase (reinforcement constituents) and matrix. In the fibre-reinforced composites, reinforcement constituents are fibres/fabrics (Callister 2000; Erden and Ho 2017). Sometimes filler and additives are also used as constituents for cost reduction and properties enhancement like fire retardance, UV radiation protection, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties of composites. They are also termed as reinforcement material as they affect the properties of the material (Erden and Ho 2017).
A model for predicting the tensile strength of ultrafine glass fiber felts with mathematics and artificial neural network
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Fei Wang, Zhaofeng Chen, Cao Wu, Yong Yang, Duanyin Zhang, Shun Li
Glass fiber felts have been widely used in building, train, aircraft and other fields due to their excellent sound and thermal insulation performance. Tensile strength is a significant parameter to describe the mechanical behavior of fibrous materials. As for common glass fiber felts, the mean diameter of fibers is over five microns and the length of fibers can reach millimeter level, which gives the felts enough mechanical performance. In order to optimize the light weight, heat insulation and acoustic properties of glass fiber felts, the ultrafine glass fiber felts (UGFFs) have been developed which have a mean diameter below three microns. The mechanical properties of UGFFs are pretty poor compared with the common felts, so it is very necessary to explore the factors that influence the tensile strength (Aso & Kinoshita, 1966; Yang et al., 2017).