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Nanotechnology Applications in the Sectors of Renewable Energy Sources
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Apart from these applications, nanotechnology is finding importance in other fields also, e.g. nanomedicine, nanofabrication, nanotechnology in memory and storage, nanotechnology for flexible electronics, and some industrial applications of nanotechnology such as textile and military. One of the medical field applications of nanotechnology is known as nanomedicine. Basically, the nanomedicine branch deals with the medical applications of nanomaterials along with nanoelectronic biosensors and also some of the upcoming applications of molecular nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is now being used in treating cancer through molecular imaging and therapy. Nanofabrication is another significant field of nanotechnology which deals with energy. Nanofabrication involves a process, which deals with the designing and implementation of the devices based on the nanoscale. Development of such type of nanodevices, having dimensions smaller than 100 nm help to seize, store, and transfer energy in a better form. In fact, nanomaterials play a very crucial role for the designing and implementation of flexible electronics. Flexible electronics components can also be developed and designed by changing the nanoscale structure of particles. Figure 5.9 illustrates the role of nanomaterials in numerous applications.
Nanotechnology Applications in Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Published in Megh R Goyal, Sustainable Biological Systems for Agriculture, 2018
Deepika Choudhary, Sudesh Kumar
The growing population is, likewise, confronting natural dangers including environmental change that would influence nourishment profitability. It is basic to guarantee heightening of agriculture, combined with productive sustenance taking care of, preparing, and distribution. Nanotechnology promises to change the entire way of life—from creation to preparing, storage, and improvement of inventive materials, items, applications.92 Nanotechnology has given new answers for the issues of nourishment science in plants and also gives new ways for dealing with the choice in crude materials, and handling the materials for upgrade of various products from plants. Food applications of nanotechnology demands preservation, smart packaging as well as production of healthy foods. Expanding the idea that interest sustenance, possibility of intelligent nourishment permits purchasers to change sustenance depending on their own particular needs. The basic idea is that a huge number of nanocapsules enclosing flavor or healthy components, (for example, vitamins), would stay torpid in the sustenance and might be discharged only when activated by the consumer.
Nanoamorphous Drug Delivery Technology and an Exploration of Nanofabrication
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials II, 2021
Wen Chin Foo, Keat Theng Chow, Yuet Mei Khong, Rajeev Gokhale
Nanofabrication is the design and process of constructing functional nanostructures with a focus on precise control of the nanometer scale and reproducible mass production (Gates et al. 2005, Betancourt and Brannon-Peppas 2006, Grove and Cortajarena 2016). Materials in the nanoscale range can exhibit radically different, often novel and improved physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to their macroscale counterparts. The concept of nanotechnology was first conceived in 1959 by the physicist Richard P. Feynman, who in his visionary lecture titled ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’, discussed ‘the problem of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale’ and envisioned that ‘it would have an enormous number of technical applications’ (Feynman 1960). Indeed, the developments in nanotechnology have revolutionized technology as we know it, with a paradigm-shifting impact on the electronics/semiconductor, information technology, materials science, environment and energy industries, to name a few, and most importantly, modern medicine. The term ‘nanomedicine’ was coined to describe the medical applications of nanotechnology such as in vitro diagnostics, in vivo imaging, medical devices, biosensors, surgery, tissue engineering, therapeutics and drug delivery. The scope of this review is limited to the pharmaceutical application of nanomedicine i.e. nanotherapeutics. We present a brief overview on the current landscape of nanotherapeutics which includes large and small molecule drug delivery and therapy, before discussing in depth our focus which is nanoamorphous drug delivery technology for small molecule drugs.
Environmental transformation and nano-toxicity of engineered nano-particles (ENPs) in aquatic and terrestrial organisms
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Qumber Abbas, Balal Yousaf, Habib Ullah, Muhammad Ubaid Ali, Yong Sik Ok, Jörg Rinklebe
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at individual atomic, molecular and sub-molecular levels (≤100 nm). ENPs are the building blocks of engineered nano-materials (ENMs), having novel physico-chemical characteristics such as high surface area to volume ratio, more reactivity, exceptional conductivity and optical properties compared to their bulk counterparts due to large number of surface reactive atoms (John et al., 2017; Lopez-Serrano et al., 2014). ENMs can be classified on the basis of morphology, surface chemistry and core chemical composition (Baalousha, Lead, & Ju-Nam, 2011). Broadly, the ENMs are classified into carbon-based materials, metal and metal oxide, quantum dots (QDs) and organic polymers based on the core chemical composition (Figure 1). In recent years the applications of nanotechnology has grown progressively in many sectors including agriculture, automotive, cosmetics, construction, electronics, environment, food, home appliances, medicine, petroleum, printing, renewable energies, sports and fitness, textile and among others (Bhatt & Tripathi, 2011; Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska, Golimowski, & Urban, 2009; Goswami et al., 2017; Holden et al., 2014; Suresh, Pelletier, & Doktycz, 2013). It is a multibillion dollar industry currently having 8495 nano-enabled products in the market produced by 2070 companies from 56 different countries worldwide (www.product.statnano.com). According to recent HTF market report, global nanotechnology market value is likely to exceed 125 billion US$ by 2024 (HTF Market Report, 2018). In parallel, global production of ENMs was estimated between 2680,000 to 3180,000 metric tons in 2010 and increasing at a rate of ∼25% per annum since that time (Younis, El-Fawal, & Serp, 2018). In order to meet the ever-escalating demand for nano-enabled products, unrestricted massive quantities of ENMs are likely to generate ENPs as a new category of emerging potential environmental contaminants. ENPs are released into the environment during the production process of nano-enabled products, their use phase and life cycle end (Nowack et al., 2012; Vance et al., 2015).