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Measurement and Data
Published in John W. Overton, Eileen Frazer, Safety and Quality in Medical Transport Systems, 2019
Donna York Clark, Kate Moore, David F.E. Stuhlmiller
Survey data collection involves asking questions about opinions or events. Surveys may take a number of forms but are most easily collected using an instrument for data collection. Online survey instruments have been developed which also statistically evaluate the data once collected. IRB approval may be needed, depending on local IRB opinions, as to whether or not survey respondents are considered “human subjects.”
Improvements in the representation of behavior in integrated energy and transport models
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2019
Giada Venturini, Jacopo Tattini, Eamonn Mulholland, Brian Ó Gallachóir
Although the method has been applied to the residential sector, it could be effectively extended to the transport sector. Moreover, this approach is easily applicable in bottom-up optimization models since it does not require any deep modification to the model structure. On the other side, the time and cost for survey data collection could be an obstacle to the implementation. Additionally, surveys are often relying on stated preferences (SP) and not revealed preferences (RP). The principal critique is that an individual's stated preferences may not correspond closely to their actual preferences—the cause of divergence being bias in SP responses or difficulty in carrying out the SP task (Wardman, 1988).
Impact of COVID-19 protocols on IEQ and students’ perception within educational buildings in Southern Spain
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Antonio J. Aguilar, María L. de la Hoz-Torres, Lamberto Oltra-Nieto, Diego P. Ruiz, M. Dolores Martínez-Aires
In order to assess the IEQ factors in classrooms during the exams, objective (on-site monitoring) and subjective (questionnaire survey) data collection were carried out. A measurement campaign was performed between January and July 2021. The campaign was divided into two monitoring periods: P1 (during the 3rd wave of COVID-19 infections, a period when restrictions on citizens were in place) and P2 (between the 3rd and 4th wave of infections, during a period of relaxation of the measures and reopening of educational centres).