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Air Pollution Control
Published in Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John, Environmental Engineering, 2022
Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John
A scrubber is a device that utilizes a liquid to assist in the removal of particulates from the carrier gas stream. They are mixed phases of gas and liquid. The object of a scrubber is to transfer suspended particulate matter in the gas to the scrubbing liquid, which can be readily removed by the gas-cleaning device.
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Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
There are three major types of dry scrubber systems: spray drying, the circulating dry scrubber (CDS), and dry injection. The first two processes are often referred to as wet–dry systems. When compared to the conventional wet scrubber, they use just enough water to lower the temperature of the gas to the desired outlet temperature. This outlet temperature is generally 20°F–40°F above the adiabatic saturation temperature. The third process has been referred to as a dry–dry system because no liquid scrubbing is involved. The spray-drying and the semi-dry systems are predominantly used in utility and industrial applications where high acid gas removal efficiencies are needed.
Waste Disposal by Thermal Processes
Published in Saleh S. Al Arni, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi, Concise Handbook of Waste Treatment Technologies, 2020
Saleh S. Al Arni, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi
Several case studies have been reported in the literature on biomass use technologies. Larson et al. (2001) [17] reviewed a biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle (BIG/GTCC) technology systems. Broek et al. (1997) [18] described the initiatives of two Nicaraguan sugar mills (San Antonio and Victoria de Julio) to supply electrical power to the national grid; power generation based on dedicated energy crops during the sugarcane harvesting season with bagasse as its principal fuel and outside this season with eucalyptus grown as dedicated energy crop. Emission control: The flue gas contains several gases such as carbon oxides (COx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), water vapor, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, furans, dioxins, unburned particles and other pollutants. The dusts or particulates can be removed from the flue gas by cyclones, filters and/or electrostatic precipitators. Scrubber can be used to treat the gaseous pollutants. After the treatment, gases will be disposed through stack (dispersion of emissions through the chimney stack). The pollutants emitted to the atmosphere must be under the regulations and legislations of environment. For more detailed information about gas clean-up and treatment methods, the reader is invited to see Chapter 11.
Comparative analysis and performance of load bearing characteristics of biogas and gasoline-fuelled electric generator
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
Modestus O. Okwu, Omonigho B. Otanocha, Promise Balogun, Ogugu Tega
A scrubber is a waste treatment system where a gas stream strategically interacts with a liquid, in order to remove particulate matter and/or undesirable gases from a range of exhaust emissions. Scrubbers are of two types, namely wet and dry scrubbers. In a packed bed scrubber (wet scrubbers), besides water, organic liquids and chemicals are used as absorption media. These wet scrubbers convert or neutralise gases that are dissolved in the liquid (Elslander et al. 1993). Whereas, in dry scrubbing, the system sprays a collection of dry reagents into an exhaust stream. These materials neutralise harmful pollutants in the stream through a chemical reaction, while others cause a material to react and turn into a different substance (Wang et al. 2004). That available substances falls out of the gas stream or is caught in a particle screen. The scrubber consists of cylindrical column, equipped with a gas inlet at bottom. The upper end consists of liquid inlet and a distributor. There is a distributing space at bottom. The lower end consists of liquid outlet. The middle section of the scrubber is filled with packing material to enhance large contact surface at the interface for the liquid and gas phase. The different parameters for design consideration are working pressure, tower packing, height and diameter of the packed bed.
Life Cycle and Cost Assessment of a Marine Scrubber Installation
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2020
Klara Andersson, Byongug Jeong, Hayoung Jang
Scrubber technologies for marine vessels are commonly divided into two categories: dry and wet scrubbers. Several studies examining cost-benefit of scrubber systems have come to similar conclusions. The price difference between HFO and MGO, time spent in emission control areas and remaining lifetime of the ship are all deemed as fundamental factors to consider when contemplating a scrubber installation (Abadie, Goicoechea, and Galarraga 2017; Christensen, Jiang, and Kronbak 2014). Gu and Wallace (2017) argue that some of the benefits of using scrubbers to comply with emission regulations are overrated. Their study indicates that if potential route optimisations (to minimise time in ECAs) were to be included when considering a scrubber installation, the investment in a scrubber system may appear less profitable compared to common scenarios presented in other studies.
A concept and industrial testing of a superheated steam rotary dryer demonstrator: Cocurrent-triple pass design
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Y. Chryat, M. Esteban-Decloux, C. Labarde, H. Romdhana
The partially desuperheated steam is recycled by a SHS-blower, superheated by a heat exchanger and then supplied to the inlet of the dryer. The removed vapor from the product is supplied to a cooling unit for energy recovery. A wet scrubber is used to clean the exhaust vapor by spraying water. The use of water also leads to cooling down the SHS up to the saturation state. The saturated steam is then condensed. The non-condensable gases (e.g., air, VOC) are removed and burned off. The vapor can be superheated up to 600°C with combustion gases produced by a natural gas burner (22–110 kW). The combustion furnace (3 m length, 1 m diameter) is made of steel covered with refractory concrete. The superheater consists of series of 6 shell-and-tube exchangers. The first two series consist of 50 tubes each (21.3 mm diameter, 1 m length). The last 4 series consist of 28 tubes each (26.9 mm diameter, 1 m length). Within each tube series, the SHS flows through a set of tubes and exchanges heat with the combustion gases flowing outside the tubes in cross flow. The outlet combustion gas is finally used in a heat recovery exchanger to preheat the primary combustion air.