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Eczema
Published in Dag K. Brune, Christer Edling, Occupational Hazards in the Health Professions, 2020
The use of rubber gloves involves the risk of contact allergy and contact urticaria and should thus be restricted as much as possible. Vinyl gloves should be used for protection and examination purposes. “Hypoallergenic” rubber gloves are an alternative for many individuals with contact allergy to rubber chemicals. As contact allergy to perfume is common among women, emollients available at the workplace should not contain fragrance materials. It is a well-known phenomenon that some individuals cannot tolerate specific hand cleaning agents or emollients for reasons which cannot be documented by any testing. These problems may be partially eliminated if alternative agents are offered at the workplace. Before new chemicals are introduced into the hospital environment, predictive tests for irritant, urticariogenic, and sensitizing properties should be carried out. If alternatives exist, the least hazardous agents should be chosen. When allergenic chemicals have to be used, adequate information about personal protection should be given.
Determination of fragrance allergens and their dermal sensitization quantitative risk assessment (QRA) in 107 spray perfumes
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Duck Soo Lim, Seul Min Choi, Kyu-Bong Kim, Kyungsil Yoon, Sam Kacew, Hyung Sik Kim, Byung-Mu Lee
Products containing fragrances are widely used and are in direct contact with human skin. Today, more than 5,000 fragrance agents are employed as mixtures, particularly in cosmetics and household products including perfumes, shampoos, deodorants, air fresheners, and scented toys (2018b; Kim et al. 2018a; Loretz et al. 2006; Masuck, Hutzler, and Luch 2011; Rastogi, Johansen, and Bossi 2007). Perfumes are commonly utilized to provide the consumer with a feeling of pleasure and to mask body odor. Approximately 3,000 chemical substances, essential oils, fixatives, and solvents are commonly used in perfume formulations (Pybus and Shell 1999). The widespread utilization of products that contain fragrances may be attributed to consequent development of allergic contact dermatitis (Cheng and Zug 2014; European Commission (EC) 1999; Nardelli et al. 2008). Therefore, risk assessments for various substances, including fragrance ingredients, are performed for safety management (Choi et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2017, 2018a; Lim et al. 2018a, 2018b). Schnuch et al. (2007) identified 26 fragrance ingredients that potentially might result in contact allergy. Consumer products that fall under this regulation need to undergo a risk assessment to evaluate the health hazards that may be caused by product use. Although some chemicals employed in cosmetics may exhibit the potential to induce dermal sensitization, several studies previously reported dermal sensitization risk assessments (Gerberick et al. 2001; Lim et al. 2018a; 2018b).