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Comfort and Quality
Published in Motoyuki Akamatsu, Handbook of Automotive Human Factors, 2019
In contrast to this series of studies that try to understand the effects of each fragrance, some studies argue that the best results are achieved by applying fragrances according to the preference of each individual. Suzuki et al. stated that “fragrance effect is a combination of the influences of both the impression (preference) and the influence of an aromatic component” and the preference may control the effect itself (Suzuki et al., 2006). Nagai et al. analyzed the physiological and psychological effects of fragrances after research participants selected the fragrance they liked the most (Nagai et al., 2000). The results showed that fragrances selected according to the preference of each individual had the effect of enhancing comfort and reducing stress and anxiety. There were also effects on psychological and physical activity with improvement in efficiency of aerobic exercises due to increased vascular activity during muscular movements and maintenance of efficiency in choice serial reactiontime tasks.
Sponge-Like Ionic Liquids for Clean Biocatalytic Processes
Published in Pedro Lozano, Sustainable Catalysis in Ionic Liquids, 2018
Susana Nieto-Cerón, Elena Álvarez-González, Juana M. Bernal, Antonio Donaire, Pedro Lozano
The sponge-like behavior was first described during the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of natural flavor esters (geranyl acetate, citronellal acetate, neryl acetate, and isoamyl acetate) in the IL [C16mim][NTf2] [99]. These products are of great value in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, fragrance compounds are mostly chemically synthesized by non-green processes, in which neither the (organic) solvents nor the by-products are reused. The extraction of fragrance compounds from natural products is a difficult task (low yields and, consequently, expensive). A novel solution presents itself in the form of lipases in ILs. Lipases can convert natural fatty acids and polyols into the desired flavor esters by controlled esterification reactions. The process is highly efficient if it is performed in SLILs.
Urban Sources of Micropollutants: from the Catchment to the Lake
Published in Nathalie Chèvre, Andrew Barry, Florence Bonvin, Neil Graham, Jean-Luc Loizeau, Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Luca Rossi, Torsten Vennemann, Micropollutants in Large Lakes, 2018
Jonas Margot, Luca Rossi, D. A. Barry
Fragrances, such as synthetic musks, are used extensively in cosmetics, perfumes, body lotions, shampoos, detergents and fabric softeners. The main synthetic musks detected in the environment are the polycyclic musks galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN), both produced in high quantities (300-1400 tons/y in Europe in 2002); the nitro musks, ketone and xylene, though their employment has been significantly reduced over recent decades because of their potential toxic health effects; and the bicyclic hydrocarbon fragrance compound, OTNE (Kubwabo et al., 2012; Kupper et al., 2006). Concentrations of musks in raw wastewaters are usually around 0.5-13 L.ig l−1 for HHCB, AHTN and OTNE, and around 5-60 ng l−1 for ketone and xylene (Bester et al., 2008; Clara et al., 2011; Clara et al., 2005b; Fatta-Kassinos et al., 2010; Kupper et al., 2006).
OlfacKit: A Toolkit for Integrating Atomization-Based Olfactory Interfaces into Daily Scenarios
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Yanan Wang, Zhitong Cui, Hebo Gong, Ting Chen
To facilitate odor selection and stimulate the smell experience, we prepared 45 different odors, which could be categorized into four types of liquids, including essential oils (7), perfume oils (28), hydrosols (3), and edible scents (7). The former two oil-based odors used food-grade Ethanol 190 Proof (95%) as the dilution substrate, while the latter used pure water. Besides, the types of fragrances included flowers (e.g., lavender, rose, gardenia), fruits (e.g., litchi, banana, orange), wood (e.g., sandalwood, pine, cypress), and scents from daily life (e.g., coffee, ocean breeze, grass, sunshine). We also prepared diluted coffee (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) to assist the users in choosing their desired intensity and avoiding allergy and habituation when using high-intensity raw scented materials. We selected these ratios based on online instructions and precautions for using scents.
Computational prediction methods to simulate structure and binding sites of coumarin with olfactory receptor 5P3
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Rui Zhang, Pu Wang, Shunbang Yu, He Wang
Products containing perfumes are frequently utilized to provide the consumer with a feeling of pleasure and to mask body odor. The widespread use of fragranced materials in skin care and household products is attributed to result in a high incidence of fragrance sensitization (Scheinman 1996). Fragrance is added to toiletries, cosmetics, household products, and a wide variety of other consumer products. In addition, the use of products to scent the environment, such as air fresheners and scented candles, is also very popular. Currently, there are more than 5,000 fragrance agents employed as mixtures, particularly in cosmetics and household products including perfumes, shampoos, deodorants, and scented toys (Choi et al. 2018; Hamilton and de Gannes 2011; Kim et al. 2018a, 2018b; Lim et al. 2018; Loretz et al. 2006; Masuck, Hutzler, and Luch 2011; Rastogi, Johansen, and Bossi 2007).
The relationship between odour intensity and antibacterial durability of encapsulated thyme essential oil by PPI dendrimer on cotton fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Pegah Asadi Fard, Sima Shakoorjavan, Somaye Akbari
On the other hand, essential oils as aroma compounds often have a pleasant odour (Fahlbusch et al., 2003) which increase optimism, reduce stress, facilitate the creative thinking, and enhance mood so that production of high-added value products like fragrant fabrics with antibacterial properties can have a good effect on customers and persuade them to buy fragrant products. However, ingredients of fragrances are volatile and often lose their aromatic properties while are being stored or used. Therefore, increasing the stability of active ingredients of fragrance, controlling odours release from fragrant products (Jing et al., 2011; Liu, Tovia, Balasubramian, Pierce, & Dugan, 2008) as well as odour measurement of fragrant products are such important matters to be considered (Shakoorjavan, Akbari, Kish, & Akbari, 2016).