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Laser Machining of Metals
Published in V. K. Jain, Advanced Machining Science, 2023
Cutting is one of the first applications of lasers in manufacturing. Laser cutting is a widely used process in the industry due to its simplicity and accuracy. It is generally used for cutting sheet metals. Laser cutting can be performed using both CW lasers and pulsed lasers. Laser cutting involves focusing the laser beam to narrow sizes on the workpiece to heat and remove the material through melting or vaporization. Cutting is achieved by moving the laser with a certain scanning speed along the workpiece by producing a slot, also called a kerf. It can be used for both straight and contour cutting. Laser cutting has several advantages. The process is not only fast but can also be used to cut intricate shapes, which are otherwise difficult to cut using conventional techniques. The kerf width in laser cutting is very narrow, and hence the material loss is minimal [3]. Based on the material removal mechanisms involved, laser cutting may be categorized into two different types – fusion cutting and sublimation cutting.
Rotor Design
Published in Wei Tong, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 2022
As the non-contact cutting method, laser cutting is typically applied to large-size motor laminations in which stamping machines may not be suitable. This technique is also suitable for the fast fabrication of motor prototypes for its flexibility dimensional accuracy and short lead time. By concentrating on a very high temperature into a tiny spot during a short time, laser cutting provides superior cutting quality with small burrs, low deformation, and tight control of dimensions. During the cutting process, an oxide film is naturally generated on the burrs, thereby reducing the conductivity of burr contact and reducing interlaminar losses. The drawbacks of laser cutting are its low productivity, induced thermal residual stress near cutting lines, and high cost. As an alternative method, waterjet machines may also be used for lamination cutting.
Hot Stamping of Ultra-High-Strength Steel Parts
Published in R. Ganesh Narayanan, Jay S. Gunasekera, Sustainable Material Forming and Joining, 2019
In hot stamping, the blank shape is estimated by developing the part shape, whereas the accuracy of this estimation is not very high because of plastic deformation of the blank. Regions requiring high dimensional accuracy are trimmed for hot-stamped parts. The hot-stamped parts are too hard to cold-trim. The tool life is considerably short and the trimmed parts have a risk of delayed fracture. Thus, high-precision laser cutting is generally used for trimming of the hot-stamped parts. The CO2 laser, Nd:YAG laser, fiber laser, etc., are employed for the laser cutting processes, and the solid-state fiber laser has been mostly used. In the fiber laser, the intensity is high due to small focal diameter, the resistant to vibration is high and stable, the efficiency is high and the power consumption is low, whereas the equipment is expensive and the productivity is low.
Modification of hexachiral unit cell to enhance auxetic stent performance
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Amir Asadi, Dorna Hedayat, Sadegh Ghofrani, Ali Abouei Mehrizi, Ghasem Shadalooyi, Javad Kadkhodapour, Ali Pourkamali Anaraki
The fabrication methods used for stents are highly influenced by the form of the considered raw material, for example, tube, sheet, wire, and ribbon [9]. The majority of balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents are made from wires or tubes. Knitting, a wire forming technique, can be used to fabricate both flexible balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents [9]. However, usually, laser cut is used for balloon-expandable stents whereas wire forming methods are used for self-expandable stents [44]. Methods usually used for BMS or base of DES are conventional etching, electroforming, micro-electro-discharge and laser cut [44, 45]. Amongst these methods, laser cutting process is majorly used because of its various advantages for instance, the ability to produce straight edges [44]. Continually, laser cut has been used in recent surveys to produce stents from polyurethane sheets [6], SS 316 L tubes [2] with addition of surface treatments, SUS304 steel sheets [30], and PCL sheets [25] for experimental and research purposes.
Surface characteristics investigation of 3D-printed PET-G plates during CO2 laser cutting
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
J.D. Kechagias, N.A. Fountas, K. Ninikas, M. Petousis, N. Vidakis, N. Vaxevanidis
The laser cutting (LC) process is a non-conventional material removal technique with extreme precision.[1,2] Some of the merits of processing metals, thermoplastics and composite materials by LC are its accuracy and its high cutting speed, resulting in high productivity.[3,4] The use of a low-power CO2 laser beam ensures that the material is being melted locally with sufficient control of the heat-affected zone and negligible deformation, where a kerf (taper geometry) is formed.[5] Owing to its flexibility, the CO2 laser cutting process is applied in several industrial applications and various materials.[6] Laser material processing methods such as laser cutting, laser engraving and laser machining in general have been widely employed industrial sectors, such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing.[7]
An investigation of surface quality characteristics of 3D printed PLA plates cut by CO2 laser using experimental design
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
J.D. Kechagias, K. Ninikas, M. Petousis, N. Vidakis, N. Vaxevanidis
Laser cutting (LC) is a non-conventional material removal process that cuts the material locally by melting it with thermal energy by a laser beam.[1] During the motion of the laser beam upon the cutting surface, a kerf (or taper geometry) is formed.[2] A variety of materials, such as metals, plastics, ceramics and composites, are cut by lasers in various industrial applications due to the flexibility of the process.[3,4] Laser cutting together with other Laser Material Processes (LMP) methods (laser engraving, laser machining, etc.) are applied extensively to manufacturing sectors such as vehicles and airplanes fabrication.[5,6] The post-processing of the items produced either by traditional or modern (non-conventional) methods is critical for improving the quality of the final product.[7]