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Manufacturing Processes for Small Weapon Components
Published in Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles, Designing Small Weapons, 2022
Jose Martin Herrera Ramirez, Luis Adrian Zuñiga Aviles
As already stated, virtually all material removal processes can be performed using CNC machines to produce weapon components. CNC is a method of controlling the movements of machine components by the direct insertion of coded instructions in the form of numerical data [11]. CNC machining may combine many processes, such as turning, milling, and drilling, into one multifunction machine. It provides efficient, practical, and accurate production capacity, which is ideal for mass production where many identical workparts are required. Another advantage of CNC machining over conventional machining is that it requires minimal operator intervention for routine operation, thus virtually eliminating human error; further, one skilled operator can manage several machines simultaneously. Additionally, there is saving of floor space by having one CNC machine rather than multiple workstations.
Computer Numerically Controlled Machining
Published in Zainul Huda, Machining Processes and Machines, 2020
CNC machining is a cost-effective technique to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace. CNC machines are increasingly being used in manufacturing/ machining of intricate and complex parts for diversified industries, such as marine, aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors. There are several types of CNC machines, including CNC lathes, CNC milling machine, CNC drill press, CNC grinding machine, and the like (see Figure 13.2). A CNC machine is considered to provide more precision, complexity, and repeatability than is possible with manual machining; other benefits include greater accuracy, speed and flexibility, and capabilities such as contour machining. On the other hand, CNC machines have some limitations, which include more expensive than manual machine tools, require more maintenance than other production methods, and compel companies to hire a skilled CNC programmer.
Additive, Subtractive, and Hybrid Manufacturing Processes
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures, 2018
CNC machining comes with a number of advantages. It is more precise than manual machining and can be repeated in exactly the same manner. It has an edge over manual machining in terms of producing complex geometries but struggles to achieve the same superiority when compared with AM. Examples of CNC machines include mills, lathes, plasma cutters, electric discharge machining (EDM), waterjet cutters, etc. CNC machining is mostly suited for carrying out very repetitive tasks for similar products, whereas the more specialized production of intricate geometries requires a great level of trial and error. Therefore, it would be a good decision to first prototype the new geometry using AM, and once confident as how to proceed then, it should be made using CNC machining as it would save time and material cost. AM and SM should not necessarily be considered as competitors but allies, helping each other, which is exactly where a lot of research is headed, i.e., combining AM and SM into a hybrid process for the manufacture of products in an efficient manner.
Improved CNC ball-end magnetorheological finishing process for borosilicate glass polishing
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
Mohsen Derakhshan-Samani, Abdolreza Rahimi
The most critical feature of magnetorheological finishing processes is the capability to control and generate predictable forces.[20] This significant feature cannot be used without an accurate control system. A CNC milling machine offers greater control over the finishing process, including better control of the rotational speed, feed rate, and working gap. Although numerical control machines are used to make optical lenses during their pre-finishing stages, the BEMRF tool has not yet been used on CNC machines. In the available BEMRF tool, the MR fluid passes from a peristaltic pump, tubes, and a rotary valve and afterward delivers from the central hole of the tool (Fig. 1(b)).[21] An external mixer is used to maintain the dispersion of CIPs and abrasive particles in the MR fluid before it is sent to the center of the tool, though the tool’s central hole has a noteworthy magnetic flux density that can affect the dispersion. Noticeable corrosion can occur in MR fluid-feeding piping because of the presence of abrasives, especially in rotational fittings, such as the rotary valve. Little is known about the sealing method of the rotary valve to avoid MR fluid leaking. All these problems lead to elimination of the central hole and using an external MR fluid delivery system. With the rotary valve elimination, it will be possible to install the BEMRF tool on the CNC milling machine with the aid of the tool holder.
Service-oriented invisible numerical control application: architecture, implementation, and test
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Lisi Liu, Yingxue Yao, Jianguang Li
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is a method to control machine tools automatically through the use of a CNC software application embedded in a computer. Over the past six decades, on one hand, CNC software has improved greatly, especially upon machining precision and speed (Kief, Roschiwal, and Schwarz 2015). On the other hand, CNC software remains vendor-proprietary. That is, it seldom has standardised interfaces and often couples with a vendor-specific implementation platform tightly (Pritschow et al. 2001; Kief, Roschiwal, and Schwarz 2015). Users have no freedom to access CNC functionality on-demand, integrate third-party CNC modules into CNC software, or distribute/migrate CNC software to other platforms seamlessly. Moreover, CNC system remains working in a stand-alone pattern, that is, one CNC system-to-one machine tool configuration. And, CNC systems fail to interoperate directly (Liu and Xu 2017). Thus, users have to spend a lot on the purchase, installation, and maintenance of CNC systems. Overall, traditional CNC system makes manufacturers hard to respond to custom manufacturing economically and rapidly, especially since its renewal cycle is shorter and shorter, added-value and maintenance cost is higher and higher.
AGV dispatching algorithm based on deep Q-network in CNC machines environment
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
Kyuchang Chang, Seung Hwan Park, Jun-Geol Baek
In this context, a new dispatching method that satisfies the requirements of an actual physical environment is presented. Among the complete smartphone process, a specific single process, i.e. producing the metal board of the smartphone, is targeted. Between two rows of computerized numerical control (CNC) machines for processing, an automated guided vehicle (AGV) feeds materials or conveys the work in process. In this process, the moving sequence of the AGV must be ordered. The AGV feeds materials to a CNC machine and conveys the work in process to the next process. A CNC machine is a device for automating the control of machine tools using software embedded in a microcomputer attached to the tool. An AGV is widely used to transport goods and materials to different parts of a factory and is commonly operated with CNC machines. One problem in AGV dispatching concerns the assignment of the next destination to move to for a given job. As one of the most efficient and suitable options, AGV systems must be able to manage different situations (such as changes in layout) and operate in a dynamic environment (Singh, Sarngadharan, and Pal 2011).