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Milling Operations and Machines
Published in Zainul Huda, Machining Processes and Machines, 2020
Milling is a machining operation that involves the removal of material from a work-part by use of a rotating cylindrical tool with multiple cutting edges – a milling cutter. In milling, the work has a feed motion, whereas the cutter has speed motion (Bray, 2004). Milling machines are primarily used for machining both metallic and non-metallic solids (e.g., metal, wood, plastics, etc.). These machines find widespread applications in diversified engineering industries. For example, the aerospace industry relies on machinery with a high level of precision and accuracy to manufacture aircraft parts that fit the exact specifications of aeronautical design. Biomedical manufacturing companies produce life-saving devices that are used in hospitals and clinics across the world. The manufacture of these life-saving devices and many other engineering components involve a great deal of milling operations. In particular, gears and many machine elements can be manufactured by milling operations (see Chapter 10).
Milling machines and milling techniques
Published in Roger Timings, Engineering Fundamentals, 2007
The main danger associated with milling machines is the cutter. Therefore: Make sure the cutter guard is in place before starting the machine.Do not remove swarf with a brush whilst the cutter is revolving.Do not wipe away coolant from the cutting zone with a rag whilst the cutter is revolving.Do not take measurements whilst the cutter is revolving.Do not load or unload work whilst the cutter is revolving.Do not put your hands anywhere near the cutter whilst it is revolving.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Mechatronic Systems
Published in C.W. de Silva, Mechatronic Systems, 2007
K.K. Tan, S. Huang, T.H. Lee, A.S. Putra, C.S. Teo, C.W. de Silva
A milling machining process is considered in this chapter. Milling is the process of cutting away material of a workpiece by feeding a material stock against a rotating tool/cutter. The workpiece to be machined may have several combinations of shape, such as flat, angular, curved, or tubular surfaces. The process of milling is executed by a milling machine—a mechatronic system—whose construction and working mechanism allow it to perform a variety of operations, including machining processes that are normally performed by specifically designed machines (e.g., drilling, turning, and shaping). This makes the milling machine among the most versatile machines in manufacturing.
Modelling and online training method for digital twin workshop
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Litong Zhang, Yu Guo, Weiwei Qian, Weili Wang, Daoyuan Liu, Sai Liu
ELDTA is the general name of basic DTA units, including EDTA, ODTA and MDTA. EDTA is the representation of all kinds of equipment in the DT workshop. EDTA can be divided into machine tools, robots, conveying equipment, process equipment, IoT equipment, etc. Each of them contains subclasses, for example, machine tools including lathe, milling machine, drilling machine, grinding machine, gear machining machine, CNC machining centre and special machine. An EDTA composed of its DTI can be expressed as EDTAj = {e1, e2, … , ei, … ,en}(1 ≤ i ≤ n). Material is the general name of all materials transferred in the production line of DT workshop, including fuel, spare parts, semi-finished products, outsourcing parts, leftover materials and wastes inevitably produced in the production process. The mapping of the above DTI in a MDTA is expressed as MDTAj = {m1, m2, … , mi, … ,mn}(1 ≤ i ≤ n). Operators are an important part of the production line and can be classified according to their duties, posts and other standards. Based on the production characteristics of manufacturing, this paper collects the important characteristic attributes of operators and defines its DTA as a moveable unit that can perform certain operations, that is, an ODTA can be expressed as ODTAj = {o1,o2, … ,oi, … ,on}(1 ≤ i ≤ n).
Influence of nanoparticles on mechanical and nondestructive properties of high-performance concrete
Published in Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 2018
Taher A. Tawfik, Magdy A. Abd EL-Aziz, S. Abd El-Aleem, A. Serag Faried
Nanowaste materials used are NFA, NSF and NC. To refine the particles of fly ash, SF and coal from micro- to nanosize high energy milling technique was used. There are different types of milling machines for example milling machine having a rotating cylindrical container along its axis horizontally, planetary milling machine, SPEX shaker mills.[28] Borner and Eckert [29] investigated the effect of energy input by milling iron powders with the use of a SPEX milling machine and a Pulverisette 5, among other lower energy mills. SPEX shaker mill provides the largest input and, therefore, leads to a fast decrease in grain size to less than 20 nm. The Pulverisette mill provides a smaller energy impact during the collision. After 32 hours of milling, the grain size achieved was 40 nm at 90 rpm, 31 nm at 180 rpm and 20 nm at 360 rpm. The machine used for milling in this research was Fritsch Pulverisette Analyzer, which milling was fixed to 400 rpm. The milling process performed with 2.5 mm diameter ball and jar type were fixed to zirconica oxide, Fadzil et al. [30] prepared the nanometakaolin with the same method but using different diameter for the ball. The selection of those properties was important in milling process to optimize the end product of milling. Nanowaste materials milling duration was 24 hours. Moreover, coal was dried before used.