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AI and ML applications in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry
Published in Manan Shah, Ameya Kshirsagar, Jainam Panchal, Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in the Petroleum Industry, 2023
Manan Shah, Ameya Kshirsagar, Jainam Panchal
Drilling has several issues, including loss of circulation, stick sleep vibrations, bit wear, borehole instability, and excessive torque. ML can solve these issues (Noshi & Schubert, 2018). Aliouane and Ouadfeul (2014) suggested an ML approach for generating a Poisson’s ratio map, which is beneficial for determining rock and drilling direction features. He utilized ML to inspect the quality of huge volumes of drilling data, extract critical data, and forecast downtime. This strategy saved money by reducing the time it took to check vast amounts of drilling data quality. As a result, ML can fundamentally alter the myriad vital decisions made by gas and oil managers and engineers.
Drilling Operations and Machines
Published in Zainul Huda, Machining Processes and Machines, 2020
Drilling is a machining operation that produces a hole in a solid by rotating and pressing a cutting tool (drill bit) with multiple cutting edges. In drilling, the drill bit is rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minutes and pressed against the workpiece thereby resulting in cutting-off chips from the hole as it is drilled (see Figure 6.1). In engineering manufacture, drilling and related operations may be performed to either create a new hole or to enlarge existing hole in a cast metallic component or pre-machined holes in a work-part.
General-Purpose Metal-Cutting Machine Tools
Published in Helmi Youssef, Hassan El-Hofy, Traditional Machining Technology, 2020
Boring is the machining process in which internal diameters are generated in true relation to the centerline of the spindle by means of single-point tools. It is the most commonly used process for enlarging and finishing holes or other circular contours. Although most boring operations are performed on simple straight-through holes, the process may be also applied to a variety of other configurations. Tooling can be designed for boring blind holes, holes with bottle configurations, circular-contoured cavities, and bores with numerous steps, undercuts, and counterbores. The process is not limited by the length-to-diameter ratio of holes. Boring is sometimes used after drilling to provide drilled holes with greater dimensional accuracy and improved surface finish. It is used for finishing large holes in castings and forgings that are too large to be produced by drilling.
Application of finite element analysis to evaluate optimal parameters for bone/tooth drilling to avoid thermal necrosis
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Nayana Prabhu, Dasharathraj K Shetty, Nithesh Naik, Nagaraja Shetty, Yash Kalpesh Parmar, Vathsala Patil, Nilakshman Sooriyaperakasam
The coolant protects the tooth from thermal shocks and thermal stress during the drilling process. In their paper, Carson et al. (Möhlhenrich et al., 2015) compare water-air coolant and air coolant using thermography. Due to the evaporative effects of the liquid around the teeth environment, the natural cooling is facilitated in the oral cavity area. Zach and Cohen (1962) address a peculiar means of cooling, known as the “washed-field technique”. Alfred Schuchard (Schuchard & Watkins, 1961) addresses the possibility of providing air, water–air combination, and water steam to regulate the temperature in the oral cavity. He finds that no specific method of cooling is universally applicable in implant treatment. Thus, the part where the surgical method is performed, is very decisive. The most appropriate technique of irrigation is therefore, chosen accordingly. Lloyd et al. (1978) discuss a set of cooling techniques and their efficacy while preparing teeth for implantation. For four cooling methods, comparisons are provided: Only air stream, spray of air and water, only water from a syringe, and water through hollow bur.
Experimental and numerical investigation of cutting forces in micro-milling of polycarbonate glass
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2020
Muhammad Pervej Jahan, Jianfeng Ma, Craig Hanson, Xingbang Chen, Greg K. Arbuckle
Figure 4 shows the variation of maximum cutting forces of Fx as the depth of cut changes at various feed rates for uncoated and coated tools. It has been found that the cutting forces, Fx (max), are higher when a depth of cut of 0.1 mm was used for all the feed rates. The Fx (max) was found to reduce slightly or remain constant up to 0.3 mm depth of cut, then increased again as the depth of cut increased. Although, the cutting forces should be lower at low depth of cut, the reason for higher cutting force might be due to the dragging and plowing action at the bottom of the cutting tool rather than cutting from the side. Unlike a drilling tool, the cutting edges of an end mill are at the periphery, therefore helping to remove material from the tool’s sides rather than the tool’s bottom. Consequently, there is friction force acting between the tool’s bottom and the to-be-machined surface, and this force results in increased cutting forces. These phenomena of plowing and dragging can be more prominent in polycarbonate compared to metal cutting due to low glass transition of polycarbonate (147 °C). It is mentioned in several studies that if the chip thickness is lower than the minimum uncut chip thickness, the plowing mechanism dominates, where the material is plastically pushed against the workpiece surface. This effect causes an increase of cutting forces in addition to affecting surface finish of the workpiece (Ramos et al. 2012; Malekian et al., 2012). As a result, low axial and radial depth of cut may increase the portion of plowing action over the shearing/cutting action, thus increasing the cutting forces.
CFNN-PSO: An Iterative Predictive Model for Generic Parametric Design of Machining Processes
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Tamal Ghosh, Kristian Martinsen
Drilling is a traditional cutting process of materials using drill bit as a cutting tool, which makes circular holes on the workpiece. The chosen tool rotates along the axis and often used as a multi-point tool, which put force against the work-piece while in rotation (100–10000 rpm). This phenomenon removes material as chips with certain rate while generating the desired shape. Drilling operation could create some low residual stresses around the cut hole and accumulate highly deformed material on the generated surface. Hence, a finish operation could be required after drilling operation to avoid corrosions (Anand et al. 2018). In general spindle speed, feed rate, and drill diameter are considered as important process parameters for drilling process, whereas Ra, MRR, thrust force, and torque generated during drilling process are most important performance indicators. Various design of experiments (DOE) methods such as factorial design, Taguchi’s method, response surface method (RSM), and gray relational analysis (GRA) are applied yet for optimization of the drilling process (Anand et al. 2018; Onwubolu and Kumar 2006).