China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cutting And Wear Applications
Published in Mark A. Prelas, Galina Popovici, Louis K. Bigelow, Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films, 2018
Diamond is used in knives for several applications. Diamond has been used as the cutting edge in microtone blades for producing sections of biological specimens as well as a scalpel in surgical applications [Yoder 1993]. One of the more widely used surgical applications is in eye surgery. Diamond knife edges can be produced which are one to two orders of magnitude sharper than the best steel edges. This enhanced sharpness of the diamond blade results in the advantage of greater control of the cut by the surgeon and faster healing of the incision in the patient.
Evaluation of the cellular effects of silica particles used for dermal application
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Masanori Horie, Haruhisa Kato, Ayako Nakamura, Yutaka Kadota, Naoyuki Izumi
Cells were seeded in a 35 mm dish. After 24 hr exposure, cells were treated with a silica particle suspension at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and then incubated for another 24 hr. The silica suspension was removed and washed once with PBS. Cells were then fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde (GA) in 0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.4) at the incubation temperature and then refrigerated for 30 min. Thereafter, cells were fixed with 2% GA in 0.1 mol/l PB at 4°C overnight. After fixation, the samples were washed three times with 0.1 mol/l PB for 30 min each and postfixed with 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 mol/L PB at 4°C for 1 hr. The cell samples were dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions, transferred to resin (Quetol-812; Nisshin EM Co., Tokyo, Japan), and polymerized. The polymerized resins were ultra-thin-sectioned at 70 nm with a diamond knife using an ultramicrotome (Ultracut UCT; Leica, Vienna, Austria). Cell samples were imaged using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1400Plus; JEOL). The imaging was performed using an electron microscope (Tokai Electron Microscopy Inc. Nagoya, Japan).
The influence of mechanical grinding on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of A356 aluminium alloys
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2022
M. D. Goodall, S. Pawar, M. Curioni, S. Morsch, M. G. Unthank, S. R. Gibbon, X. Zhou
Characterisation of the near-surface region was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on an FEI Tecnai G2 T20 instrument operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM was performed on the cross sections that were prepared from the near-surface region using a diamond knife on a Leica Ultracut ultramicrotome. The ultramicrotomed sections were collected using 400 mesh nickel grids. A Zeiss Ultra55 field emission gun scanning electron microscope, equipped with Oxford Instruments energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis system, was employed to examine the near-surface region of the mechanically ground alloy in both plan view and in cross section. An accelerating voltage of 5 kV was employed to control the interaction volume and to optimise surface sensitivity for the characterising of the near-surface region using both secondary (SE) and backscattered electron (BSE) detectors. For cross-sectional examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the samples were prepared using ultramicrotomy under dry condition.
Nanocomposite coatings of poly(3-Fluoro-p-anisidine)/modified polyethersulfone filled with graphene
Published in Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 2018
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were scanned using Excalibur Series FTIR Spectrometer, Model No. FTSW 300 MX by BIO-RAD. Morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) model no. FEI Nova 230 (FEI Company, USA). The samples were cryogenically fractured in liquid nitrogen. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed using transmission electron microscope, model no. LEO 912 Omega instrument (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Germany). The ultrathin sections were prepared using an Ultracut E ultramicrotome diamond knife. Thermal stability of materials was determined by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), model no. TG 209 F3 (Netzsch, Germany), using 1–5 mg of the sample in Al2O3 crucible. The heating rate of 10 °C/min was preserved up to 800 °C under nitrogen flow rate (30 mL/min). The electrical conductivity of thin films was measured using four-point method (Keithley 2401, electronictestequipment, USA). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out using PARC EG&G. Model M378 electrochemical impedance system (AMETEK Scientific Instruments, USA). A three electrode cell system was used with 3% NaCl aqueous solution as an electrolyte.