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Rubber Compounding Practices
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Polymer Mixing and Extrusion Technology, 2017
A knifemaker can be utilized to fabricate the glass knives used in the microtome. This instrument will produce glass knives to fit any commercially available microtome. The knifemaker is an instrument that provides alignment of the glass strips, as well as knife scoring and knife breaking. In operation, the scoring and breaking take place at the same point on the instrument without it being necessary to move the glass between these operations. The glass is pressed down firmly against the table by two studs located symmetrically on each side of the score. Two spherical-headed pins are then forced up against the lower surface of the glass directly under the score at a distance calculated to cause fracture of the glass. Movement of the pins is controlled by a lever arm which mechanically eliminates the small variations in the movement of the operator’s hand from one break to another and produces a slow, easily controllable movement. Therefore, a knifemaker eliminates any uncontrollable torsion, such as occurs in manual breaking, and, by increasing the reproducibility of the forces brought to bear on the glass during breaking, produces knives of high quality with a minimum of waste.
Study on Morphology and Toughening Mechanisms in Polymer Blends by Microscopic Techniques
Published in Gabriel O. Shonaike, George P. Simon, Polymer Blends and Alloys, 2019
Jingshen Wu, Chi-Ming Chan, Yiu-Wing Mai
Microtomy gives easy access for TOM thin-sample preparation. Samples with thicknesses of 1–40 μm can be cut with steel or glass knives. The thin specimens may be stained with chemicals, like osmium tetroxide, lead citrate, or uranyl acetate, to improve its contrast. Figure 1 is an optical micrograph taken from a thin section of PBT/PC blend cut on a microtome and stained with osmium tetroxide. The black PC domains and white PBT phase can be clearly identified without difficulty.
Ameliorative role of neem (Azadiracta indica) leaves ethanolic extract on testicular injury of neonatally diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy, Amoura M. Abou El-Naga, El-Sayed M. El-Habibi, Sara El-Said M. Shams
For all examined groups, small pieces of testes were fixed in 5% buffered glutaraldehyde (pH 7.3) at 4°C. After 48 h, postfixation the pieces of testes were washed in 5% buffered sucrose (pH 7.3). The pieces of testes were cut into fine blokes less than 1 mm2 and then fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 hr followed by washing twice in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) for 10–15 min [23]. After that, the sections were dehydrated in ascending series of alcohol, propylene oxide and then embedded in Araldite. The semi-thin sections (0.6–0.7 µm thick) were cut with aid of glass knives on ultra-microtome. The obtained sections were stained with toluidine blue and examined by a binocular light microscope. According to the investigated semi-thin sections, the ultrathin sections were cut at 600–700A° and collected on cleaned copper grids. The prepared grids were stained in uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Finally, the grids were investigated and photographed in a JEOL 1200 EXIL TEM in EM center of Mansoura University, Egypt.
Transport properties of radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex nanocomposites
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2022
Neethu Varghese, Siby Varghese, A.A. Shybi, Thomas Kurian
The transmission electron microscopy was performed using a JEOL JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope, operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The samples for TEM analysis were prepared by ultra-cryo microtomy using a Leica Ultra cut. Freshly sharpened glass knives with cutting edge of 45° were used to get the cryo sections of 50–70 nm thickness.