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Extracorporeal devices
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The normal metabolic processes also produce more acid than base, and this acid is removed by the kidneys. Therefore, in kidney failure, there is a decrease in the pH of the body’s fluids, called acidosis, which can result in a uremic coma. The end products of protein metabolism include such nitrogenous substances as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These materials must be removed to ensure continued protein metabolism in the body. The accumulation of urea and creatinine in the blood, although not life threatening by themselves, is an important marker of the degree of renal failure. They are also used to measure the effectiveness of hemodialysis for the treatment of kidney failure. The kidneys also produce the hormone erythropoietin that is responsible for regulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. In kidney failure, this hormone is diminished leading to a condition called anemia and a lowered hematocrit. If kidney failure is left untreated, death can occur within a few days to several weeks.
Fiber Optic- and MEM-Based Measurements
Published in Rajpal S. Sirohi, Introduction to OPTICAL METROLOGY, 2017
The oxygen concentration is found by multiplying the oxyhemoglobin saturation with the total hemoglobin concentration, which can be derived from the hematocrit. The hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. The hematocrit is expressed as a percentage. For example, hematocrit of 40% means that there is 40 ml of erythrocytes in 100 ml of blood.
Haematological and histological changes in fish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to pesticides from industrial waste water
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Pradip Kumar Maurya, D. S. Malik, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Neha Gupta, Sandeep Kumar
In the present investigation, the hematocrit value of H. fossilize posed to different concentrations of effluent contaminated water showed noticeable reduction during the study period (Table 5 and Figure 10). The experiment showed significant variation in the percentage of hematocrit in different days and at various concentrations. The reduction in hematocrit values is an indication of anemia or oligohemia (Wepener et al.1992). A similar reduction in hematocrit value was noticed in Clarias gariepinus exposed to effluent from a metal finishing company (Adakole 2012). Decreased packed cell volume (PCV) value also noticed in Sarotherodon melanotheron exposed to industrial effluent (Nte et al.2011). The above results are in agreement with the findings of the present study. The increase of hematologic parameters is classically showed by fish submitted to organophosphate pollution. On the basis of such results, we can suggest that acute exposure to low pesticide concentration leads the fish to usual hematologic response from pesticide stress.
Performance and physiological analysis of 500 km non-stop cycling: a case study
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Carl Foster, Alejandro Lucía, Pedro de la Villa
Finally, another effect of this ultra-endurance cycling event was an important inflammatory response (acute leukocytosis after exercise and a marked increase in C-reactive protein 24 h later), which is in agreement with that previously reported after ultra-endurance exercise (Marklund et al., 2013). A marker of muscle damage (CK) was also increased after exercise. The observed post-exercise CK values (625 Ul/l) are similar to those (~725 Ul/l) reported after a 1200-km bicycle race (Behringer, Kilian, Montag, Geesmann, & Mester, 2016). However, a higher level of muscle damage (CK ~4017 Ul/l) has been observed after ultra-endurance events including exercises with a higher eccentric component such as running (Marklund et al., 2013). In the present study ultra-endurance exercise also elicited a diminution of haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell mass immediately after exercise that was even more remarkable 72 h later (10% reduction). This finding has been previously observed after strenuous endurance cycling (Neumayr et al., 2002), and can be a reflect of plasma volume expansion and/or haemolysis.
Influence of relative humidity and temperature on human whole blood drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Houssine Benabdelhalim, David Brutin
The volume concentration of colloidal suspensions during drying of films and drops affects the diffusion coefficient.[2] In the case of human blood, the hematocrit level represents the volume concentration of biocolloids, which varies between 38% and 50% (healthy individuals). Therefore, it is important to collect blood from the same donor. We can assume that the determined coefficient covers the drying of the blood pools of healthy persons because we already have an estimation error. However, it is still interesting to study the diffusion coefficient as a function of the hematocrit level, which is difficult because it requires several blood donors. Notably, fresh blood should be used.