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Nanoscale Flow Application in Medicine
Published in Sarhan M. Musa, Nanoscale Flow, 2018
To detect an abnormality in blood cells, there is a specific medical examination, namely, a complete blood count. With advanced technology, a complete blood count can be currently done with the use of automated flow cytometry [129,130]. This method can detect the shape and number of blood cells. As these parameters are usually described in extremely small scale, there is no doubt that this is the field of nanomedicine. An example of a blood sample of a case of prolonged febrile illness examined by flow cytometry is shown in Figure 6.1. The figure shows the computer-generated diagram of a complete blood count cytogram, which is useful for a differential diagnosis of pathology in different diseases. In this example, it shows an increased population of white blood cells in the area where most of the cells are highly stained with peroxidase. These are the warning signs of possible malignancy, or leukemia.
Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis via Smartphone Applications
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
Image-based smartphone app with complete blood count-validation was used in the measurement of hemoglobin (Hgb) level very accurately. Compared to the conventional Hgb measuring devices, these mobile apps are cost-effective, with proved accuracy and specificity. With this smartphone image-based, Hgb estimating instrument, medical care authorities inside the far-off zones may benefit from this innovation to search out the people with iron-deficient gripes. Additionally, this application would likewise provide a proposal to the rational nourishment supplement like folate and iron for the patients (Robert et al. 2018). Using these non-invasive programs can screen, diagnose, and monitor the anemic patients globally.
Next Era of Computing with Machine Learning in Different Disciplines
Published in Abid Hussain, Garima Tyagi, Sheng-Lung Peng, IoT and AI Technologies for Sustainable Living, 2023
R. Sabitha, J. Shanthini, S. Karthik
The data is obtained from complete blood count (CBC) test results, which are conducted by collecting blood samples from 102 anaemia patients (102 instances) and constructing ANEMIA dataset. The dataset consists of six attributes and is defined in Table 4.3 along with their values. The model was evaluated for performance measures such as accuracy, mean absolute error %, weighted average ROC, precision, recall and F-measure. The proposed model is compared for its performance with Naïve Bayes, multilayer perception and SMO. The experimentation results are given below.
Short-term exposure of female BALB/cJ mice to e-cigarette aerosol promotes neutrophil recruitment and enhances neutrophil-platelet aggregation in pulmonary microvasculature
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Hunter T. Snoderly, Hassan Alkhadrawi, Dhruvi M. Panchal, Kelly L. Weaver, Jenna N. Vito, Kasey A. Freshwater, Stell P. Santiago, I. Mark Olfert, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Margaret F. Bennewitz
Separately, mice were euthanized via isoflurane overdose. Whole blood and BALF were collected by cardiac puncture and bronchoalveolar lavage of 700 μl PBS 4 times, respectively, from between n = 4 and n = 6 mice per group. Whole blood (250 µl) was added to collector tubes with heparin to prevent coagulation. Cells were pelleted (580 × g) from BALF samples and resuspended in 0.5 ml PBS. Complete blood count analysis was performed for whole blood and BALF on the IDEXX ProCyte Dx Hematology Analyzer. Lungs from RA exposed (n = 3) and each group of EC-exposed mice (n = 3) were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Slides were assessed for immune cell infiltration and emphysematous pathology.
Serum ferritin and vitamin D evaluation in response to high altitude comparing Italians trekkers vs Nepalese porters
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Laura Magliulo, Danilo Bondi, Tiziana Pietrangelo, Stefania Fulle, Raffaela Piccinelli, Tereza Jandova, Gaetano Di Blasio, Mattia Taraborrelli, Vittore Verratti
High-altitude physiology has been extensively studied (West, 2016; Young & Reeves, 2002) and it is continuing to move forward, both from clinical, health and sports perspective. The hypobaric environmental condition posed by high altitude elicits through hypoxia a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (PpO2) in the blood and consequently in tissues, resulting in a modification of hematological parameters (Mairbäurl, 2019; Young & Reeves, 2002). Considering the importance of erythropoiesis in hypoxic acclimatization or adaptation processes, iron homeostasis plays a crucial role (Yanamandra et al., 2019) and should be studied in hypoxic demands. Blood biomarkers from Complete Blood Count (CBC) analysis such as hemoglobin concentration (HGB), serum ferritin (sFER), red blood cell count (RBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) are considered as the most sensitive and accurate parameters to evaluate iron homeostasis (Tailor, Patel, Prasad Pandya, & Mangukiya, 2017), also in response to altitude (Al-Sweedan & Alhaj, 2012; Badrick, Richardson, Arnott, & Lidbury, 2017).
Computer-aided system for Leukocyte nucleus segmentation and Leukocyte classification based on nucleus characteristics
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2020
Conventionally, the process of Differential Blood Count is performed manually by the pathologists. A drop of the blood sample collected from the patient is taken on a slide and smeared to spread the blood across the slide. The blood smear is then stained using a dye and the count of each type of WBC is determined by viewing the blood smeared slide under the microscope. This task is monotonous and the outcome is influenced by the knowledge and skills of the pathologist involved. Instruments based on Flow Cytometry are also made available to automate the process of Complete Blood Count and Differential Blood Count. But these instruments are highly expensive. This emphasizes the need for a computer-aided system for Segmentation and Categorization of Leukocytes.