China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Low-Density Lipoproteins-Liposome Delivery Systems for Tumor Photosensitizers In Vivo
Published in Barbara W. Henderson, Thomas J. Dougherty, Photodynamic Therapy, 2020
The behavior of HDL-bound photosensitizers is probably related to the clearance of dye molecules from the liver and spleen, where they are usually accumulated in significant amounts (see later). Actually, HDL play a major role in the reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues [32]. Therefore, HDL may be responsible for the removal of hydrophobic sensitizers from apolar cores of membranous regions of tumors and other tissues and for their release to the liver, from which they are eventually eliminated through the bile-gut pathway. On the other hand, the more rapid disappearance of LDL-bound photosensitizers from serum is likely to reflect the interaction of LDL with cell receptors, leading to the internalization of the LDL-photosensitizer complex and the release of the photosensitizer to endocellular binding sites. The kinetics of LDL endocytosis are different for different cell types, and are slower for neoplastic cells than for other hyperproliferating cells [33].
Lipoproteins for Biomedical Applications: Medical Imaging and Drug Delivery
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2020
Pratap C. Naha, Stephen E. Henrich, David P. Cormode, C. Shad Thaxton
As mentioned above, HDL cholesterol is known as good cholesterol, and high levels of HDL reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has very high affinity towards macrophages due to their expression of an HDL receptor, i.e., scavenger receptor type BI (SR-BI) [64, 65]. Therefore, HDL could be an attractive drug delivery vehicle for macrophage-associated diseases such as inflammation, cancers and atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, there is considerable interest in approaches that could be used to elevate HDL levels. Pharmacological approaches have been trialed, such as cholesterylester transferase protein (CETP) inhibitors [66]. In addition, efforts to raise HDL cholesterol levels have been made by direct injections of HDL derived substances. For example, several HDL-based nanoparticles such as apoA-I Milano, CER-001 and CSL-112 are in clinical trials [67, 68]. ApoA-I Milano is a variant of apoA-I which is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease [69]. A clinical trial reported that HDL nanoparticles reconstituted with recombinant apoA-I Milano (referred to as ETC-216 or MDCO-216) significantly reduced atherosclerosis burden in coronary arteries, when administered weekly for five weeks [70]. A clinical trial of an HDL nanoparticle reconstituted with wild type apoA-I (referred to as CSL-112) did not reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden compared to placebo; however, it improved plaque characterization index and coronary scores [71]. The same formulation was tested in type-2 diabetes patients, where it was found to reduce platelet aggregation, and therefore it could be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing vascular complications for type-2 diabetic patients [72].
Comparison of metabolic syndrome and related factors in married pre-menopausal white- and blue-collar woman
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Seungmi Park, Chul-Gyu Kim, Youngji Kim
Among the five components of metabolic syndrome, low HDL-cholesterol was the most common medical condition found in the sample. Only a small proportion of participants had abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides, and high blood glucose levels. A possible explanation for this might be the fact that low HDL-cholesterol levels appear to be a widespread problem in South Korea in general.16 A low HDL-cholesterol level increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance, thereby threatening women's health.25 Therefore, improving the lipid profile of pre-menopausal women in South Korea is an urgent matter. Education programs focusing on weight control, anti-smoking, appropriate drinking, and healthy dietary guidelines for improving the lipid profile should be developed and conducted for working pre-menopausal women.26
The effect of 10 days of energy-deficit diet and high-intensity exercise training on the plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) level among healthy collegiate males
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Mohamed Nashrudin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof
The aim of this study was to investigate the timeline of changes (10 days) in lipid profiles (TG, LDL, HDL, TC) under a 40% energy-deficit diet (ED group) together with a series of high-intensity exercise sessions (cycling at 90% O2peak for 8 min) among physically active collegiate males. The main finding of this study is that the ED group showed a significant increase in HDL level of 13.74% at the end of the experimental period accompanied by weight loss, which was not observed in the normal diet group (CON). However, despite the increment in plasma HDL in ED, the TC and LDL to HDL ratios remained high. Collectively, the findings suggest a cumulative effect of ED and energy expenditure from the series of high-intensity exercise training sessions performed, could increase plasma HDL level within 10 days although TC and LDL to HDL ratios were elevated.
Multi-model Markov decision processes
Published in IISE Transactions, 2021
Lauren N. Steimle, David L. Kaufman, Brian T. Denton
The first goal, glycemic control, is typically achieved quickly following diagnosis of diabetes using oral medications and/or insulin. Management of cardiovascular risk, the focus of this case study, is a longer term challenge, with a complex trade-off between the harms of medication and the risk of future CHD and stroke events. Patients with diabetes are at much higher risk of stroke and CHD events than the general population. Well-known risk factors include Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipids (HDL – often referred to as “good cholesterol”), and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Like blood glucose, the risk factors of TC, HDL, and SBP are also controllable with medical treatment. Medications, such as statins and fibrates, can reduce TC and increase HDL. Similarly, there are a number of medications that can be used to reduce blood pressure including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, thiazide, and calcium channel blockers. All of these medications have side effects that must be weighed against the long-term benefits of lower risk of CHD and stroke. An added challenge to deciding when and in what sequence to initiate medication is due to the conflicting risk estimates provided by two well known clinical studies: the FHS (Wolf et al., 1991; Wilson et al., 1998) and the ACC/AHA assessment of cardiovascular risk (Goff et al., 2014).