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Enzyme Kinetics and Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Niacin (nicotinic acid, 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, a B vitamin) has been used since several decades as lipid-lowering agent; it reduces the level of plasma triglyceride by about 35%, and LDL-cholesterol levels by 10–15%, whereas it increases the concentration of HDL-cholesterol by up to 25% by a so far not precisely known mechanism. Despite these properties, results from recent studies suggest that there are no benefits from niacin therapy concerning prevention of cardiovascular disease events (Krumholz, 2016; Schandelmaier, 2017). Niacin has been withdrawn from many markets (Pedersen, 2016). Acipimox, a derivative of nicotinic acid that also lowers serum lipid levels by reducing the production of VLDL and LDL, has been reported to increase peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity (Vestergaard et al., 2017).
Physicochemical and spectral evaluation of the interactional behavior of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) with mixed [sodium deoxycholate (bile salt) + cetyltrimethylammonium bromide] surfactants
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Parampaul K. Banipal, Pallavi Sohal, Tarlok S. Banipal
Nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) being a versatile biologically active molecule is essential for cell/tissue respiration, healthy skin, proper functioning of the nervous system, glycogenolysis, the normal secretion of bile and stomach fluids, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and artherosclerosis. The deficiency of this vitamin leads to pellagra affecting the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and skin. Also, clinically nicotinic acid is recognized as a lipid-modifying drug. Nicotinic acid is an antioxidant, its activity is controlled by the nature of the environment in which the oxidation process takes place. The micellar system is quite suitable to understand the mechanism of antioxidant action of nicotinic acid in the biological system.[1]
Enhanced adsorption of nicotinic acid by different types of Mg/Al layered double hydroxides: synthesis, equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Nicotinic acid (NAc) is a benzoic acid derivative containing a carboxylic acid group. It is a water-soluble vitamin obtained by fermentation, and is also known as Niacin or vitamin B3. The vitamin effects of NAc were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century. In the following years, NAc was found to have a low cholesterol effect in plasma, and so it began to be used to treatment of dyslipidemia.[17,18] Although NAc aids in reducing free fatty acids in plasma, it can cause side effects when more than the recommended amount is consumed. The vasodilator response, which is one of the main side effects, leads to a decrease in blood pressure. However, other common undesirable effects include nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, as well as rashes, itching, and redness. Each year, large amounts of NAc are produced and inevitably discharged into the wastewater system. Thus, adsorption as one of the most preferred separation methods is a cheap and effective approach to separating NAc from aqueous solutions.[19]
Innovation and improvement in food fortification: Microencapsulation of vitamin B2 and B3 by a spray-drying method and evaluation of the simulated release profiles
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Ioana C. Carlan, Berta N. Estevinho, Fernando Rocha
Vitamin B3 is the generic name for niacin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and vitamin PP. NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are specific co-enzymes required for cellular oxidation-reaction processes. Other essential functions of vitamin B3 are: boasts brain activity, improves cholesterol levels, reduces the risk of heart diseases and prevents birth defects.[6,8]