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Regulatory Aspects of Herbal Nanoformulations
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Lavanya Mude, Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy, Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri, R. Arun, Nandha Kumar, Muhammad Thanzim
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that causes higher levels of blood sugar due to insulin deficiency. Some of the natural products used for diabetes are CUR, capsicum oleoresin, quercetin, emodin, scutellarin, silybin, etc. CUR exhibits antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The poor water solubility of CUR is resolved by encapsulated CUR with nanoparticles. Capsicum oleoresin is an organic solvent that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Nanoemulsions of capsicum oleoresin decrease higher glucose levels. QC nanoparticles increase insulin secretion by reducing nitric oxide (NO) synthase activation. Nanoformulation of scutellarin promotes neovascularization by enhancing vascular permeability, which further improves diabetic retinopathy (16).
Role of Data Science in Revolutionizing Healthcare
Published in Pallavi Vijay Chavan, Parikshit N Mahalle, Ramchandra Mangrulkar, Idongesit Williams, Data Science, 2022
Yashsingh Manral, Siddhesh Unhavane, Jyoti Kundale
Diabetes is a body condition in which the blood sugar level of the individual is in very high concentration. Most of the food that we consume is broken down to glucose which is a form of sugar. This sugar is dissolved in the blood and circulated throughout the body, and when this sugar content is high in the blood, then that individual is said to be diabetic. Insulin is a body fluid that is created by the pancreas. Insulin helps in breaking down sugar present in the blood which provides energy to the human body. Diabetes occurs when either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the insulin is ineffective in breaking down the sugar present in the blood. Diabetes affected 30.3 million persons in the United States in 2015, accounting for 9.4% of the population. More than one-fourth of them were unaware that they had the condition. One in four people over the age of 65 has diabetes. In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for 90%–95%of occurrences. One may think that an increase in sugar concentration is not as harmful to the human body but the reality is the opposite. Diabetes is associated with many harmful body conditions like heart disease, vision loss, kidney disease, eye problems, dental problems, nerve damage, foot problems, and stroke. The cure for diabetes is yet to be developed by scientists and researchers around the world but scientists believe losing weight, eating healthy meals, and being active can help in alleviating the diabetic conditions of a person [1].
Deep Learning for Medical Dataset Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) usually happens when there is a high blood sugar level in diabetic patients. It is identified as Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes occurs due to insulin not being produced by the pancreas, whereas Type-2 diabetes occurs due to insulin not correctly reacting in the body tissues, which leads to high blood sugar (Saxena et al., 2020). DR is generally related to eye disease, which results in permanent blindness when it is not treated properly at the early stages. DR can be considered as a symptom of disorderly diabetes, but it is related to diabetes and not commonly incorporated. An automated system is used for screening the patient periodically, which must find DR in the initial stage. For the automated detection of this disease, CNN emerged to be ideal in dealing with medical images (Gulshan et al., 2016).
Occupational hazard exposures and health risks at wooden toys industry in Southern Thailand
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Phayong Thepaksorn, Supawan Thongjerm, Wattasit Siriwong, Pimpakarm Ponprasit
For physical exams and blood samplings, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were in the normal range for female workers (78.79–118.27 mmHg) on average, but slight high for systolic blood pressure among male workers (124.65 mmHg) on average. Blood sugar levels were 92.22 mg/dL for males and 101.71 mg/dL for females on average in normal range (70–100 mg/dL). Total cholesterol levels were 241.44 mg/dL for males and 241.57 mg/dL for females on average in moderate high (<200 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels were 159 mg/dL on average for males and slight higher than normal range, but 93.57 mg/dL for females on average in normal range (<200 mg/dL). Uric levels in urine were 5.29 mg/dL for males and 4.58 mg/dL for females on average in normal range (2.4–7 mg/dL) (Diagnosis Criteria for Occupational Diseases, 2007) (Table 4). From the chest X-ray tests, 11 cases (3.6%) for males and 7 cases (1.9%) for female workers were detected as mild and moderate pulmonary defects.
The influence of spatial distribution on add-on therapy of designed Ca-Alg/CS MEMs system
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Qinglei Dai, Xia Zhou, Kejing Wu, Ruimin Long, Shibin Wang, Haiwang Huang, Yanhua Xia, Yuangang Liu
Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. The patients may suffer greatly from increased urine output, excessive thirst, weight loss, hunger, fatigue, skin problems, etc. [1]. Based on recent studies, metformin monotherapy [2] as first-line therapy were initially recommended in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), eventually the patients will require insulin therapy to maintain adequate glycemic control [3,4]. Currently, add-on combination therapy with two antidiabetic drugs is beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as empagliflozin/linagliptin combined with metformin [5], insulin glargine plus metformin [6], or metformin in combination with insulin analogues [7]. To reduce the side effects of the direct-use drugs, multiple functional drug delivery systems have been used for combined medication which possesses important advantages regarding biological compatibility, sustained drug release and drug targeting [8,9].
Synthesis, biological activity and toxicity of chromium(III) metformin complex as potential insulin-mimetic agent in C57BL/6 mice
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Jinlong Dong, Bin Liu, Gang Liang, Binsheng Yang
Worldwide, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important public health problems. It is a group of metabolic disorders primarily characterized as hyperglycemia caused for many reasons: (i) the body cannot produce enough insulin or insulin resistance, (ii) insulin is unable to make glucose accessible to cells, and (iii) immune system is abnormal, for example, the destruction of insulin β cells, etc. The morbidity rate of DM is increasing mainly due to dietary changes, irregularity of life work and rest, lack of physical inactivity, and increasing prevalence of obesity [1–4]. Currently, the treatment of diabetes primarily includes diabetes education, diet, exercise, medication, insulin, surgery, blood sugar monitoring, etc. Additionally, because of association of T2DM with cardiovascular disease, depression and hyperlipidemia complications, it urgently requires more efficient drugs. Accordingly, research and development of some new antidiabetic drugs is still a hot topic.