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Regulatory Approaches to Solve Air Pollution Problems
Published in Jeff Kuo, Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers, 2018
The air quality index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily ambient air quality. An AQI value is calculated based on ambient air concentrations of O3, PM, CO, SO2, and NO2; five of the six criteria air pollutants, except lead. The range of AQI values is from 0 to 500. The purpose of the AQI is to help the general public to understand the measured ambient air quality to their health. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater health concern. An AQI value of 100 generally corresponds to the NAAQS, which is the level EPA has set to protect public health.
Ozone
Published in Kathleen Hess-Kosa, Indoor Air Quality, 2018
To inform and warn the public, the EPA publishes an Air Quality Index (AQI), which indicates the level of concern based on ozone exposures levels. See Table 12.1. Local daily updates of AQI are available by U.S. state and Zip code on the AirNow website (EPA 2018). Of note, the ozone levels increase in areas when wildfires are present (e.g., southwest California, around the border between California and Mexico). Also posted are many of the worldwide U.S. embassy PM2.5 and ozone levels.
Analysis of Air Quality and Impacts on Human Health
Published in Adwitiya Sinha, Megha Rathi, Smart Healthcare Systems, 2019
Japsehaj Singh Wahi, Mayank Deepak Thar, Muskan Garg, Charu Goyal, Megha Rathi
Andersson et al. (2007) made an effort to study the air condition level of Delhi, using air quality index (AQI). AQI is a tool, basically a numerical quantity, used to indicate the level of pollutant concentration in air (Carslaw and Ropkins, 2012). AQI is used as a decision-making tool by various organizations, such as schools and colleges, to plan any outdoor event so that the harmful effects of bad air are kept minimum.
Environmental pollution analysis during the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19: A case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Subhankar Chowdhury, Ambar Gaur, Subhashree Mohapatra, Shrey Verma, Shubham Mishra, Gaurav Dwivedi, Tikendra Nath Verma, Puneet Verma
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is used to measure the level of air pollution, indicating the effect of air pollution on public health. As the AQI increases, public health risk also increases. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) in India are the responsible authorities to measure and issue a daily bulletin on air quality of different places in the country. Depending on the effect of air pollution on public health, AQI has been categorized in six ranges. In India, eight pollutants, namely PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3, SO2, NH3, and Pb (lead), are considered for the AQI. Table 1 gives an insight into the different AQI categories and ranges of the concentration of individual pollutants according to the health impacts (CPCB|Central Pollution Control Board 2020). As shown in Table 1, AQI is calculated from different pollutants. However, regulatory bodies use PM10 as the common pollutant for reporting AQI.
An Intelligent and Secure Air Quality Monitoring System Using Neural Network Algorithm and Blockchain
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Abu Buker Siddique, Rafaqat Kazmi, Habib Ullah Khan, Sikandar Ali, Ali Samad, Gulraiz Javaid
The air pollution and quality of air research get the attention of academia and industry due to a massive increase in deaths in low- and middle-income countries [1]. Seven million deaths have been recorded due to air pollution. The major causes of these premature deaths are the severe impact of air quality (AQI) on our respiratory and blood circulation systems. Due to this alarming situation of death toll, many countries have started monitoring AQI and taken steps to control and minimize pollution by improving the AQI. There are many different techniques to monitor and control AQI such as remote air sensing and static AQI monitoring stations. The smart systems monitor and control AQI has many dimensions like mobile-based AQI monitoring [2–4], smart home systems are supported by Inter of Things (IoT) [5,6] and block-chain technology [7], indoor AQI control systems [8,9]. In this study, our major aim is to design an indoor AQI monitoring and control system using IoT sensors and block-chain. Furthermore, the secure data will be accessed from homes remotely. The motivation is to increase the effectiveness of AQI with a low-cost monitoring system with ease of maintenance and usage.
Use of low-cost air sensors to augment regulatory networks
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Ajith Kaduwela, Anthony Wexler
The Western US recently had several large wildfires resulting in wide expanses of western states blanketed in smoke. One metric the public used to assess the quality of the air they breathe is the Air Quality Index (AQI), which is the US EPA’s method for communicating health-related dangers of ambient air quality to the public (64 FR 42530). The AQI is calculated from the ambient concentration of five “criteria” air pollutants regulated under the Federal Clean Air Act: ground level ozone, particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide and is adjusted to reflect periodic revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards or NAAQS (78 FR 3085). An AQI is calculated for each pollutant and the highest AQI value for the “critical” pollutant is reported. In most locations in the US, the AQI is dominated by ground-level ozone and PM concentrations.