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Understanding Utilities
Published in Eric Koester, Green Entrepreneur Handbook, 2016
Once electricity is produced in a generating station it is placed into the high-voltage transmission system. Most of these transmission lines are owned by the electric utilities generating the electricity. The transmission system delivers electricity from the power plants to distribution substations and from these substations to consumers. This process of transmission results in electricity loss along the journey from generating station to the consumer. As a result, it is often impracticable to have generating stations located far from the end destination. To limit electricity loss and promote efficient distribution, electricity is distributed at a very high voltage. Transformers convert electricity at one voltage to a higher or lower voltage, depending on their location in the power line.
Entrepreneurship in Power Electronics
Published in R. Krishnan, Entrepreneurship in Power Semiconductor Devices, Power Electronics, and Electric Machines and Drive Systems, 2020
Technology: It is based on directing and controlling the power flow in transmission lines and balancing power flow between various transmission systems with passive and power electronic converter systems. Its importance is much more to the rising integration of renewable energy sources with the conventional utility power systems. The concept of Smart Wires is attributed by the current Vice President of Smart Wires Dr, Frank Kreikebaum to Prof. Deepak Divan of Georgia Tech and note that the attributor studied with him. The present company came from Smart Wire Grid which seemed to have intellectual property licensed from Georgia Tech and not much more details available in the public domain on it.
Concept of Energy Transmission and Distribution
Published in Leonard L. Grigsby, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 2018
The purpose of the electric transmission system is the interconnection of the electric-energy-producing power plants or generating stations with the loads. A three-phase AC system is used for most transmission lines. The operating frequency is 60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in Europe, Australia, and part of Asia. The three-phase system has three phase conductors. The system voltage is defined as the rms voltage between the conductors, also called line-to-line voltage. The voltage between the phase conductor and ground, called line-to-ground voltage, is equal to the line-to-line voltage divided by the square root of three. Figure 9.1 shows a typical system.
Enhancement of Power System Stability Utilizing UPFC Based Hybrid Optimized Technique in IEEE-14 Bus System
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2022
Ashish Ranjan, Jayanti Choudhary
UPFC is the most universal as well as flexible device among all other FACTS devices, and it is also used to compensate PQ issues completely with the help of magnitude of voltage, phase angle, and impedance as combination characteristics of three compensators. In the transmission systems, power flow is controlled by UPFC’s phase angle, magnitude of voltage, and impedance. In power system design and power electronics, new challenges are brought by this controller. This controller also controls the power system in terms of dynamic as well as static operation. Two VSIs are integrated in the transmission line, which is known as UPFC, i.e., one is tied parallel to transmission line and other is series to transmission line.UPFC construction
An agile optimization algorithm for vitality management along with fusion of sustainable renewable resources in microgrid
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Power system is the main source for supplying electricity. For the supply of power to residential sectors, grids are commonly employed. Primarily a grid is nothing but a network of interconnected power systems for transmitting electricity from producers to users. A grid can be partitioned into generators, transmission system, and distribution system. Generators are used to supply power, and transmission system transfer power from generators to load centers and the distribution system distributes power to nearby homes and industries. Nowadays, global warming and environmental pollution mostly affect the living areas. Global warming and environmental pollution are caused due to the burning of fossil fuels. To overcome this, clean and sustainable energy sources such as wind, solar, photovoltaic (PV), water, biomass, geothermal, etc. can be used. When there is a power cut, then microgrid (MG) is defined as a small power system and used to supply electricity by the utilization of some renewable energy sources such as (wind, solar, etc.) (Gabbar and Abdelsalam 2014; Kaur, Kaushal, and Basak 2016) MGs are characterized by a set of resources that produce energy (typically distributed generators) and supplying a set of loads supported by storage units allowing the aggregate to function as stand-alone unit (islanded) or interconnected to the main network (Graditi et al. 2015)
Quantifying the seismic risk for electric power distribution systems
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2021
Yang Liu, Liam Wotherspoon, Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair, Daniel Blake
Electric power distribution systems deliver electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Transmission systems, as the backbone of national grids, are built to be strongly meshed for reliability purposes. In contrast, distribution systems are typically built as weakly meshed, radial networks, mainly due to economic constraints. Therefore, distribution systems are intrinsically more vulnerable to earthquakes than transmission systems due to lower redundancy in both network topologies and substation circuits. The performance of distribution substations are crucial to the entire distribution network performance, and a single component failure could lead to complete disconnection of the down-stream system, which is not always the case in transmission systems.