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Eight LED and Shift Register
Published in Hossam Fattah, LTE™ Cellular Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), 2021
A variable called leds is defined. This is used to hold the pattern of which LEDs are currently turned on or off. A byte is a type of data which represents a number using eight bits. Each bit can be either on or off, so this is perfect for keeping track of which of the eight LEDs are on or off.
Computers and Microprocessors
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Electricity and Electronics Fundamentals, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo
Digital computers use numbers represented by the presence or absence of voltage, as discussed in Chapter 4. A high voltage level or pulse usually represents a 1 state, whereas no voltage indicates a 0 state. A voltage value or single pulse is described as a bit (binary digit) of information. A binary number has two states, or conditions, of operation. A group of pulses or voltage level changes produces a word. A byte consists of 8 bits.
Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Wireless Underground Sensor Network
Published in Durgesh Kumar Mishra, Nilanjan Dey, Bharat Singh Deora, Amit Joshi, ICT for Competitive Strategies, 2020
P. Gopi Krishna Reddy, N. Sainath Reddy, Avani Madhavan, Arya Krishnan, Prasanth M. Warrier
Bit Error rate is the rate at which mistake happens in the transmission of computerized information. In this segment we examine BER for various tweak systems and discover the adjustment method that decreases the blunder while transmission of the computerized information. From the investigation it is found in figure 91.6 that Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) gives least blunder rate while transmission, so here we select paired stage move keying balance strategy for the transmission of information through remote underground correspondence.[12]
Dictionary-Based interpolation technique for text quality enhancement
Published in Journal of Information Display, 2021
In this stage, the shape of the text is encoded after the text image is extracted from an input image. Specifically, using the Y signal as an input, a luminance histogram is generated for pixels in the current and neighboring blocks (as shown in Figure 3), and the highest majority, i.e. the background luminance, which is defined in (1), is extracted. where li denotes the luminance of the i-th pixel and lmaj denotes the luminance of the majority of the pixels, i.e. the background luminance. N stands for the number of bits used to represent the pixel luminance. In this case, eight bits were used.