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Low-Level Primitives
Published in Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, William Perrizo, Space Image Processing, 2018
Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton
The first requirement is that the equation be expressed in a way that leaves no uncertainty about the encoded operations. A possible starting point is to identify all of the arithmetic operators recognized by the processing. Two types of arithmetic operators are usually recognized: unary and binary. Unary operators take a single operand, for example, the + and – sign when used to indicate a signed value. Binary operators require two operands, as in exponentiation, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. Trigonometric functions are also of unary type. Table 11.3 lists the operators used in the parser developed in this chapter.
Computers and Programming Languages: An Introduction
Published in E. Mikhailov Eugeniy, Programming with MATLAB for Scientists, 2017
A modern computer typically has the following features. It has one or more central processing units (CPU), memory, which holds data and programs, and input and output interfaces (keyboards, hard drives, displays, printers, . . .). A typical computer uses the binary system internally.4* Despite these differences, the mainfeature that separates computers from their lesser ancestors is that computers can be programmed for any general task without changing their hardware.
Design for Optimisation
Published in Keith L. Richards, The Engineering Design Primer, 2020
In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array; if they are unequal, the half in which the target cannot lie is eliminated and the search continues on the remaining half until the target value is found. If the search ends with the remaining half being empty, the target is not in the array.
Analysis of cyber nuclear terrorism by DTrack consequences in the civilian nuclear power plant
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2022
Kyung Bae Jang, Chang Hyun Baek, Tae Ho Woo
For the modeling of the analysis, the imaginations of the scenario are related to the data and attacking behaviors. Figure 1 shows the configurations for the cyber attacks on NPP where the encrypted data flow anywhere and could enter the NPPs for the purpose of the cyber terrorism. The data are processed in the binary system of number as 0 and 1, which are used in the current computer system. The cyber conflict is the unseen war among several bodies in the Internet world where the information is connected by the line connectivity. So, the physical damages are not shown easily. Hence, the detections and remedies are done slowly. Once the attack is done, the alarming to the public should be done fast and to take a proper procedure for secured situations. The major characteristics on cyber attack against NPPs are the potential radioactive hazards comparing to the conventional cyber terrorism. The horror part for radioactive material dispersion in the plant site or civilian area could be very overwhelming shocking to the public.
Measuring cognitive complexity in parametric design
Published in International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, 2019
Ju Hyun Lee, Michael J. Ostwald
In this formula H is named after Boltzmann’s H-theorem and pi is the probability of a cognitive system being in state i. The choice of a logarithmic base determines the unit used to measure information. When the base is 2, the unit is called binary digits (bits). While sometimes the base e is useful (resulting in natural units), this paper focuses on bits of information because the probability of a link being present complies with an On/Off rule. Entropy measures the idea development opportunities (Kan & Gero, 2008). The entropy of each row in a graph is:
Telephone networks, BBSes, and the emergence of the transnational ‘warez scene’
Published in History and Technology, 2019
And, similarly, from Peil and Sparviero: Thanks to digitization, previously distinguished media content (audio, video, text) is translated into binary language so that it can be produced, distributed and consumed more easily, rapidly and with minor costs.36