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Memory Organisation
Published in Pranabananda Chakraborty, Computer Organisation and Architecture, 2020
SDRAM is one of the most popular and widely used modified forms of DRAM, and unlike the traditional DRAM, which is asynchronous, SDRAM in operation is directly synchronized to an external clock signal to nullify the bad wait state associated with traditional DRAM. As a result, it can run at the highest possible speed of available processor–memory bus. The cell array in SDRAM is, however, organised similar to traditional asynchronous DRAMs, already discussed in the previous section. Since, this modified DRAM uses synchronous access, it is called synchronous DRAM or SDRAM. The principle that works behind is very simple. Here, the DRAM operates moving data in and out under the control of the system clock. While the processor or other master issues the request with related information as required by DRAM, it is then latched by the DRAM, and later it responds, only after performing all its own operations, consuming a predefined number of clock cycles. Meanwhile, the master remains free to do its own work while SDRAM is engaged in its own operations to process the request.
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
SDRAM, the current-volume industry-standard DRAM has several advantages over FPM/EDO. First SDRAM operates synchronously with the system clock increasing performance, and provides flexible programmable block access modes to control burst length and column access order. In addition, the internal architecture of SDRAM supports a multiple bank organization. The separate banks can be controlled so that while one bank is being read, another can be primed by activating its RAS, an operation known as precharging. Consequently, different rows can also be accessed in burst mode as long as they reside in different banks, resulting in high memory bandwidth. DDR SDRAM is similar to SDRAM, but doubles the memory bandwidth by transferring data twice per clock cycle, at both the rising and falling edges of the clock.
The PC
Published in Mike Tooley, PC Based Instrumentation and Control, 2013
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is a DRAM technology that uses a memory clock to synchronize signal input and output on a memory chip. The memory clock is synchronized with the CPU clock so the timing of the memory chips and the timing of the CPU are locked together. Synchronous DRAM saves time in executing commands and transmitting data, thereby increasing the overall performance of the computer. SDRAM allows the CPU to access memory approximately 25% faster than EDO memory.
RGB-to-RGBG conversion by direct assignment with accurate feedback correction
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2020
Chengqiang Huang, Ming Xia, Guangjun Xu, Hui Wang, Songlin Feng
Circuit system for DAFC conversion is shown in Figure 7, which consists of the rough conversion module and the correction module. Each module needs to exchange data with SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random-access memory). All the modules are driven by a clock with a frequency of 200 MHz. This circuit system is realised by Verilog and downloaded into FPGA core in the next step.