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Laser Processing and On-Line Monitoring for Biomedical Applications
Published in Savaş Kaya, Sasikumar Yesudass, Srinivasan Arthanari, Sivakumar Bose, Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 2022
Guoqing Hu, Xuan Wang, Jingwen He, Jie Yang, Feng Zhao
As an advanced manufacturing tool, laser processing techniques have been gradually applied in biomedical applications such as laser surgery and laser modification. Ablation, cutting, and drilling are some of the most classic operations in surgery, and laser processing provides a precise and damage-free tool. Therefore, laser processing techniques are applied in laser surgery. The typical applications of laser surgery include orthopedic surgery (Augello et al. 2018; Bernal et al. 2018; Levesque et al. 2017; Yumoto et al. 2018), eye surgery (Liu et al. 2021; Jivrajka et al. 2012; Li et al. 2014; Liang et al. 2009; Williams et al. 2015; Sacks et al. 2000; Grewal et al. 2015), and so on. Recently, laser modification of biomaterials for cell research has also attracted increasing interest in biomedical fields. In comparison with the traditional surface-modification techniques such as electron beam lithography, electrospinning, photolithography, and chemical patterning, the unique advantages of laser modification techniques are low cost with excellent uniformity and reproducibility, high enhancement factor, non-pollution, and capability to tailor topography at the micro- or nanoscales (Jiaru et al. 2019; Hu et al. 2018).
Potentials of Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Materials for Constructing Cell Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Published in Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov, Natural-Based Polymers for Biomedical Applications, 2017
Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov
The most powerful and commonly used continuous-light lasers are CO2 electric-discharge gas lasers. CO2 lasers use a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2), sometimes hydrogen (H2), water vapor, and/or xenon (Xe). In these lasers, light amplification occurs due to carbon dioxide molecules. Radiation is mainly generated at a wavelength of 10.6 µm. The efficiency of such lasers is higher than 10%, and they can generate high-quality radiation powers of several kilowatts. CO2 lasers are commonly used for processing different materials – cutting, welding, and engraving – and in laser surgery.
Optoelectronics – solid state optical devices
Published in David Jiles, Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials, 2017
Helium-neon lasers which have ultra-low beam divergence are used for alignment purposes. Highly focused pulsed laser beams can be used for drilling narrow holes. Optical disks for audio and digital recording applications need to be encoded and read using a laser beam. The laser diode is also used in digital audio and video disk players to read the information encoded on tracks molded onto the disks. Lasers are also used as a cutting tool in laser surgery.
Use of lasers in minimally invasive spine surgery
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
The most important disadvantage of laser surgery is the risk of thermal injury to normal tissues. In case of any mechanical injury such as avulsion or tear of neural tissues, collateral innervation or regeneration process may improve the neurological status as time goes on. However, excessive laser application to the dural sac or nerve root may cause some profound or even irreversible neurologic sequelae. Thermal injury to other normal tissues by uncontrolled laser irradiation may cause unexpected tissue necrosis and degeneration in the skin, muscle, ligaments, bone, and disc. Therefore, laser irradiation should be strictly controlled by the physician during the entire procedure. Another problem of laser spine surgery is that the cost is higher than that of traditional spine surgery, which is typically covered by health insurance; hence, patients often pay most of the cost themselves.