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Communication Networks for Factories
Published in John Gaylord, Factory Information Systems, 2020
The packet, or group of bytes, is collected and assembled by a computer module called a packet assembler-disassembler (PAD). The packet is usually composed of from 60 to 1000 characters. The header, or characters at the beginning of the packet contain the following information: Preamble—indicates a message is coming. This can be specific to the network used for transmission.Destination address—tlefines where the packet is to go.Source address—defines the source of the packet.Control—asks for acknowledgment without having to read the data.
Low–Power Commercial, Automotive, and Appliance Connections
Published in Paul G. Slade, Electrical Contacts, 2017
Years ago, cars used a mechanical linkage between the accelerator pedal and the engine to open or close the throttle and control the speed of the vehicle. Today pedal position sensors, electrical actuators, and power train computers are used to control speed without a mechanical linkage between the accelerator pedal and engine. Pedal position sensors typically send two different voltage signals to the computer module. As the accelerator is pressed down, one voltage signal increases and the other decreases. The computer, then, cross-checks the signals to verify the actual pedal position. In this case, the vehicle had adjustable pedals, as shown in Figure 6.30a. The driver controls the forward and backward position of the pedals to reach the most comfortable position. Unfortunately, the forward and backward motion of the pedals pulled on the wiring harness and connector to the sensor. With repetitive operations, the relative motion between terminals at the tin-plated contact interface caused fretting corrosion to develop at the contact interface. Figure 6.30b shows an example of fretting corrosion on an automotive accelerator pedal position sensor connection. The dark spots are patches of insulating tin oxide debris on the contact spots of a receptacle terminal where contact was made to the sensor blade terminals.
Rad-Hard Silicon Technologies at Honeywell
Published in John D. Cressler, H. Alan Mantooth, Extreme Environment Electronics, 2017
When a 4 kb SRAM test chip successfully verified the design rule and process components, Honeywell’s radiation-insensitive bulk CMOS or RICMOS™ III technology was born. Rapid progress was made to take full advantage of the state-of-the-art lithography capability put in place to support Honeywell’s commercial CMOS efforts. The first 16 and 64 kb SRAMs quickly followed in 1984 and 1985, respectively (see Figure 28.1). Success with SRAMs provided the experience to expand the technology to ASIC applications. The first demonstration, applying 1.2 μm RICMOS III technology to standard cell designs with variable ROM and RAM, occurred in 1988 with a floating point processor (Figure 28.2). This was one of five chips used to create a GVSC 1750 multi-chip computer module for the Minuteman missile program.
Eco-driving by replicating best driving practices
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2018
J. I. Huertas, J. Díaz, M. Giraldo, D. Cordero, L. M. Tabares
Most authors focus on driver's behavior because aggressive driving has the highest effect on fuel consumption (up to 25% of fuel consumption, Sivak & Schoettle, 2012; Eunjin & Eungcheol, 2016). In this sense, eco-driving primarily consists of a variety of driving techniques including not driving too fast, not accelerating too quickly, eliminating excessive idling, shifting gears earlier to maintain a lower engine speed, and keeping a steady speed (Barth & Boriboonsomsin, 2009). Over the last decade, many start-up companies have started to track the vehicle operational parameters via the engine computer module (ECM) and alert on incidents of aggressive driving to fleet managers. Recently, gasoline carmakers have also used ECM data to alert drivers on early shifting. These driver's aids are based on present engine operational conditions and do not take into consideration external variables such as speed limits, nor road and traffic conditions.
Multilayer assembly for protection against laser light
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Marie Kašparová, Jakub Wiener, Sheila Shahidi
Multilayer assembly was irradiated by pulsed laser Marcatex 150 Flexi (Figure 2). Wavelength of CO2 laser device is 10.6 μm. Laser device is consisted from: laser optical resonator (1) generates laser beam and is connected to optical tube (2), it stimulates laser beam. All optical systems are placed in optical box (3). Marking head (4) modulates properties of laser beam. PC unit (5) makes the controlling of marking, central personal computer module (6), direct current source (7) and radio frequency source (8).
Investigation of harbor craft activities for emission inventory calculation
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Chas Frederickson, J. Wayne Miller, Heejung Jung
This paper aims to report activity of various harbor craft to contribute to better estimation of emission factors for the emission inventory. The activity will be directly compared to the ISO certification cycle. Seven of the 10 vessels were equipped with an ECM (electronic computer module) that relays important information such as engine speed, load, and torque. The other vessels were equipped with data loggers which recorded engine exhaust temperature to be used as a proxy for engine load.