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Functional Logics
Published in Michael Olorunfunmi Kolawole, Electronics, 2020
Latches and flip-flops are the basic single-bit memory elements used to build sequential circuit with one or two inputs/outputs, designed using individual logic gates and feedback loops. Latches are asynchronous, implying that the output changes very soon after the input changes, whereas, flip-flops are synchronous version of the latches. The primary difference between a latch and a flip-flop is that a latch watches all of its inputs continuously and changes its outputs at any time, independent of a clocking signal; whereas, a flip-flop samples its inputs and changes its inputs only at times determined by a clocking signal. Asynchronous inputs are usually available for both latches and flip-flops: they are used to either set or clear the storage element’s contents independent of the clock. Although flip-flops and latches are made of bistable elements, monostable and astable circuits can also be used. Basic functions of latches and flip-flops are described as follows.
Digital Circuit Design with Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language
Published in A. Arockia Bazil Raj, FPGA-Based Embedded System Developer's Guide, 2018
A flip-flop is an electronics circuit that consists of two stable states which are used to store data. FFs are the basic building blocks of a digital electronic system which are used in various applications like communications, computers, control, signal/image processing, and so on. Conversion of one type of FF to another is required for many of these applications and can be done by using a combinational logic circuit. For example, if we need a JK-FF, but we have only an SR-FF, then we need to convert the SR-FF into a JK-FF, as shown in Figure 2.2. The inputs of the JK-FF are given to the combinational circuit, which alters these inputs to another suitable form and applies the state change control inputs to the SR-FF to get the response of the JK-FF. The combinational circuit also gets input from the present state. Thus, the output of the combinational circuit is the function of JK-FF inputs and present state values [17,18].
Voice Transmission
Published in Goff Hill, The Cable and Telecommunications Professionals' Reference, 2012
Stuart D. Walker, Rouzbeh Razavi
One common requirement in digital circuits is counting. Most of the counters are implemented using individual flip-flops. A flip-flop is an electronic device that that has two stable states (i.e., a device with a single-bit memory). A control signal(s) and/or a clock signal are usually used to change the state of a flip-flop from one state to another. The output often includes the complement as well as the normal output. Among all different types, D flip-flops are commonly used for implementing binary counters. The term is “D flip-flop” because the output is the delayed version of the input signal. In fact, a D flip-flop tries to follow the input but cannot make the required transitions unless it is enabled by the clock.
Multiple-Controlled Toffoli and Multiple-Controlled Fredkin Reversible Logic Gates-Based Reversible Synchronous Counter Design
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
S. K. Binu Siva Singh, K. V. Karthikeyan
The Toffoli and Fredkin gates are reversible logic gates commonly used in classical and quantum computing. These gates follow the principles of quantum computing, it does not necessarily mean that a flip-flop cannot be implemented using these gates. A flip-flop is a fundamental building block in classical digital logic circuits, typically used for storing and synchronizing binary information. It can be implemented using a variety of logic gates, including those that are reversible. In classical computing, flip-flops are commonly constructed using feedback loops containing classical gates such as AND, OR, and NOT gates. These gates are not reversible. However, in quantum computing, reversible logic gates are used, which means that they do not destroy information and can be run backwards without any loss of information. To implement a flip-flop using reversible gates, additional techniques and circuitry would be required. Reversible circuits that incorporate Toffoli and Fredkin gates can be designed to achieve functionality similar to a classical flip-flop. These circuits would maintain reversibility while still providing the necessary storage and synchronization capabilities. It is worth noting that quantum computing is still an active area of research, and the design and implementation of practical quantum flip-flops are still being explored. However, it is incorrect to conclude that flip-flops cannot be implemented in quantum computing simply because the underlying gates are reversible. To design Reversible Synchronous Counters, first design the JK1 and Jk2 flip flops based on MCT. After that, the JK3 flip-flop using MCF reversible logic gates is designed.