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Nonlinear Circuits
Published in Richard C. Dorf, Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing, 2018
Jerry L. Hudgins, Theodore F. Bogart, Taan El Ali, Mahamudunnabi Basunia, Kartikeya Mayaram
A diode generally refers to a two-terminal solid-state semiconductor device that presents a low impedance to current flow in one direction and a high impedance to current flow in the opposite direction. These properties allow the diode to be used as a one-way current valve in electronic circuits. Rectifiers are a class of circuits whose purpose is to convert ac waveforms (usually sinusoidal and with zero average value) into a waveform that has a significant nonzero average value (dc component). Simply stated, rectifiers are ac-to-dc energy converter circuits. Most rectifier circuits employ diodes as the principal elements in the energy conversion process; thus the almost inseparable notions of diodes and rectifiers. The general electrical characteristics of common diodes and some simple rectifier topologies incorporating diodes are discussed.
Passive electronic components
Published in Stephen Sangwine, Electronic Components and Technology, 2018
Capacitors of various types (Table 5.2) are used in electronic circuits for storing charge, as elements of frequency-selective circuits and filters, for coupling a.c. signals from one circuit to another, and for shunting unwanted signals to ground (decoupling). Most capacitors used in electronic engineering are of the parallel-plate type whose capacitance, C, in farads (F), is given by () C=ε0εrA/d
Resistors and resistive circuits
Published in Joe Cieszynski, David Fox, Electronics for Service Engineers, 2012
Resistors are used primarily to limit the current in, and apply the correct voltage to, a part of a circuit and are one of the main building blocks in electronic circuits. There is a wide range of resistors available covering not only different resistive values but also tolerance values, power ratings, and construction. The most common types of construction are carbon composition, carbon film, metal film, and wirewound. Surface mount devices (SMD) are also used extensively in production of all types of electronic equipment, but we shall look at these separately in Chapter 11.
Discovery of fault-introducing tool groups with a numerical association rule mining method in a printed circuit board production line
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Yeonju Lee, Youngju Kim, Bogyeong Lee, Chang Ouk Kim
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are thin electronic circuit boards on which copper lines are printed; PCBs connect electronic components such as semiconductor chips and resistors. A PCB production line is a multistage line with various process steps and tools for each process step. The products are processed in units of lots; one lot comprises dozens of panels, which are large sheets containing several PCBs and hundreds of chips. Once all process work is completed, some panels in each lot are sampled, the number of faulty chips in each lot is counted, and the yield of the process, which is the ratio of nondefective products, is calculated. The PCBs are subsequently separated from the panels, yielding the finished PCB products. It is important for PCB manufacturers to reduce the number of faulty chips (i.e. increase the yield of the process) to ensure competitiveness.
Virtual commissioning for an Overhead Hoist Transporter in a semiconductor FAB
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Joo Y. Lee, Kwanwoo Lee, Sangchul Park
An integrated circuit also referred to as a semiconductor chip, is a set of electronic circuits requiring the integration technology of tiny transistors into a small chip. Most of modern electronic products include the multiple number of semiconductor chips. A typical chip manufacturing system is called a FAB, and it produces a large number of product types and variants. Generally, the production in an FAB is considered as one of the most complicated manufacturing processes because of hundreds of steps for a product, re-entrant flows, batch processing, and queue time limit (Seo et al. 2016). Today’s chip manufacturing environment can be described as a short product life cycle, strong competition, and increased complexity of material flows.
Testing process quality of wire bonding with multiple gold wires from viewpoint of producers
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Tsang-Chuan Chang, Kuen-Suan Chen
Integrated circuits (ICs) involve the use of microelectronics technologies to integrate numerous extremely small electronic components onto a silicon chip to form a miniature electronic circuit. The electronic components can be divided into active components (transistors and diodes) and passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors). The small size of ICs necessitates a high level of proximity of the electronic components to one another, which greatly shortens the distance of electron motions, increases the speed and reliability of circuit operations, reduces energy consumption, and enhances operating performance. For these reasons, ICs are indispensable components of electronic products.