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EAL Unit ELEC1/08: Electrical science, principles and technology
Published in Peter Roberts, Electrical Installation Work, 2017
A circuit diagram is used to show how a circuit works and the main components are represented by graphical symbols. Its main purpose is to help an electrician gain full understanding of what must be done in order for the circuit to work. This is especially useful when conducting fault-finding techniques. The example shown below though Figure 2.46 is a circuit diagram for a single switch controlled lighting circuit. Closing the switch will therefore cause the light to operate.
Electronic Devices and Communication Applications
Published in Mike Tooley, BTEC First Engineering, 2010
To be able to understand a circuit diagram you first need to be familiar with the symbols that are used to represent the components and devices. To be able to build or maintain an electronic circuit you also need to know the physical appearance of a wide range of electronic components. These include, cells, batteries, resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, diodes and transistors as well as connectors, switches and integrated circuits.
Electrical fundamentals
Published in Mike Tooley, Electronic Circuits, 2019
To be able to understand a circuit diagram you first need to be familiar with the symbols that are used to represent the components and devices. A selection of some of the most commonly used symbols are shown later, in Fig. 1.24. It’s important to be aware that there are a few (thankfully quite small) differences between the symbols used in circuit diagrams of American and European origin.
A full input range, 1–1.8 V voltage supply scalable analog voltage comparator in 180nm CMOS
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2021
Ashima Gupta, Anil Singh, Alpana Agarwal
The differential voltage comparator is proposed in this paper. The circuit diagram of the proposed design shown in Figure 1 is based upon digital circuit design methodology. It uses CMOS standard cells such as Inverters, Tri-state Inverters, and XOR gates. By connecting these cells, the analog voltage comparator is designed digitally except for the summer circuit which is encompassing four Transmission gate (TG) acting as the resistors. The Summer network gives the average of a feedback signal stored in a capacitor and the external inputs. The capacitor () shown in Figure 1 has been implemented in the feedback block by MOSCAP (MOSFET capacitor). As compared to other capacitors, the MOSCAP offers more capacitive density with less area and lesser masking layers (Aminzadeh, 2014; Singh & Agarwal, 2016, 2017; Gupta et al., 2019).
Development of a walking aid with remote electrocardiogram measurement and global positioning system function
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2021
Hsi-Chiang Chou, Chun-Yen Huang
In this study, we used Altium Designer to draw the circuit diagram, which was transformed into a printed circuit board to complete the circuit layout (Chang 2017). After completing the circuit layout, a mask aligner (or stepper) and an etching machine were used to fabricate the circuit board. The circuit elements were soldered into their positions. The finished circuit board was then tested to ensure that no errors occurred in the production process. The GPS module was connected to the Arduino MEGA using a program, after the walking aid was moved to test whether the GPS transmission output parameters changed. After the front-end system was completed, the data acquisition and wireless transmission systems were installed. The purpose of the data acquisition system was to capture ECG signals via the Arduino MEGA and then perform ADC. The Wi-Fi module was installed to transmit data to the human–machine interface. The GPS module also transferred data to the human–machine interface through the Wi-Fi module. A judgment then could be made based on the results displayed on the arrhythmia determination interface and GPS interface. Figure 14(a) presents a photograph of this system with the brass column sensors installed in the handle and pole of the walking aid (The size and weight are W30 cm*D25 cm*H88 cm, 1.3 kg). When the user held the handle, a circuit was formed, and ECG signals were detected. The plastic box at the bottom of the walking aid contains modules including the Arduino MEGA, ECG signal sensing circuit, power circuit, GPS module, and wireless Wi-Fi module (Figure 14(b)).
A combined theoretical and experimental performance analysis of a grid-tied photovoltaic system in semi-arid climate : a case study in Ghardaia, Algeria
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Layachi Zaghba, Messaouda Khennane, Amor Fezzani, Idriss Hadj Mahammed, Abdelhalim Borni
The first mini solar photovoltaic power plant was installed on the roof of the car parking connected to internal URAER grid and is commissioned on 15 October 2014. This achievement is within research works of the Applied Researches on Renewable Energies Unit (URAER) affiliated to the Renewable Energy Development Center (CDER). The grid-connected park consists of 16 micro-amorphous solar module 125Wp with an overall installed capacity of 2.25 kWp, covering a total surface area of 23 m2 and inclined at 32° toward to the south.The PV array is arranged into eight strings, with two modules in series in each string and connected to one SMA sunny boy 3000 TL-20 inverters of 3 kW feeding directly into URAER internal grid (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows a schematic block circuit diagram of the PV system. In order to assess the performance of the solar power plant, it is necessary to know of the main technical data characteristics of the PV array and the inverter efficiency data. These are shown in given in Tables1 and 2.