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Engineers in Society
Published in Graeme Dandy, David Walker, Trevor Daniell, Robert Warner, Planning and Design of Engineering Systems, 2018
Graeme Dandy, David Walker, Trevor Daniell, Robert Warner
Biomedical engineering (or bioengineering) is becoming increasingly important and this trend is likely to continue. Three of the items on the list of emerging technologies are in this area. Metabolomics concerns diagnostic testing for diseases by analysing sugar and fat molecules that are the products of metabolism. Bacterial factories make use of engineered bacteria to produce drugs to combat diseases such as malaria. Biomechatronics is the area of engineering that mates robotics with the human nervous system leading to a new generation of artificial limbs that behave like the real thing and that can be controlled directly by the person’s brain.
Creativity invention and innovation
Published in Riadh Habash, Green Engineering, 2017
Biomechatronics is an interdisciplinary field that applies mechatronics to biological systems and microsystems to innovative ways of solving emerging engineering problems and to develop biomedical and rehabilitative products for the medical industry. The recognition of mechatronic devices has been growing in recent years and the market of biomechatronics is expanding as well. Heart pacemakers and cochlear implants are examples of simple biomechatronic devices while more advanced examples are orthotics and prosthetics, autonomous robotic systems, and implant devices.
Introduction to Mechatronic Systems
Published in Bogdan M. Wilamowski, J. David Irwin, Control and Mechatronics, 2018
An emerging variant of mechatronics is biomechatronics that integrates the fields of biological science and mechatronic technology. The paper by (Mori et al. 2006) presented a “real-life” exoskeleton for healthcare. They described a standing-style transfer system for people with disabilities, which simulated and overcame serious instability problems of conventional powered exoskeleton systems. On the same line, the paper by (Kong and Jeon 2006) proposed the tendon-driven exoskeletal assistive device, EXPOS, which consists of a wearable exoskeleton and caster walker that overcome the drawbacks of the exoskeleton, for the elderly and the patients to move, walk, sit down, and stand up fairly well. Menciassi et al. (2003) proposed an innovative prototype miniature robotic instrument consisting of a microfabricated microgripper, instrumented with semiconductor strain gages as force sensors, and capable of characterizing the mechanical properties of tiny biological tissues useful in medical diagnosis. Liu et al. (2007) proposed a neurosurgical robot system that they have developed for clinical trials and discussed how to improve the positioning accuracy calibration by using a revised Denavit–Hartenberg kinematic model and compensation for joint transmission errors using a back-propagation (BP) neural network. Rehabilitation medicine is also the main application in the biomechatronics field. (Masia et al. 2007) investigated a mechatronic device, a single-DOF mechanism with a novel statorless configuration, for rehabilitation of grasping functions. (Perry et al. 2007) proposed a seven-DOF anthropomorphic powered exoskeleton for the upper limb. The cable-actuated dexterous exoskeleton offers remarkable opportunities as a versatile human–machine interface and as a new generation of instrumentation for assistive technology. (Zollo et al. 2007) proposed a biomechatronic approach to the design of an anthropomorphic artificial hand with self-adaptive grasp that mimics the natural motion of human fingers. (Tanaka et al. 2007) investigated a compact tactile sensor system based on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and intended to enhance tactile capabilities of artificial hands for Braille automatic reading. (Tung et al. 2007) presented a mechatronic device for minimally invasive and teleoperated surgery. The proposed actuator is made from laser-machined SMA tubes, and provides actuation locally to the desired point of manipulation, thus, greatly improving the physician’s ability to intervene in diseases. (Mitsuishi et al. 2007) proposed a remote operating system for laparoscopic minimally invasive teleoperated surgery that provides a force feedback to the operator.
Performance Analysis of Artificial Neural Network for Hand Movement Detection from EMG Signals
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Angana Saikia, Sushmi Mazumdar, Nitin Sahai, Sudip Paul, Dinesh Bhatia
Electromyography (EMG) is the technique for recording the electrical activity produced by the skeletal muscles of the human body. An EMG detects the myoelectric signals generated during any exercises of the muscles which is produced electrically [1]. In the field of biomedical, biomechatronics, and prosthesis, EMG is highly used [2]. The upper extremity of our body has a complex structure and movements which involves a large number of muscles involved for each movement [3]. Some of the major movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, supination, pronation, and opposition.