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The Neuroscience of Supervision
Published in Tracey Harris, Successful Supervision and Leadership, 2020
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. It provides an understanding on how the brain functions and its relationship to thought, behaviour and emotion. Study of the brain dates as far back as 4000 BC (Pillay, 2011), and since that time the study of neurosocial science has provided much needed insights as to how humans think, receive feedback and engage with each other. The body contains around 100 billion neurons (nerve cells), which describe the functional units of the nervous system. Neurons are highly specialised in processing and transmitting information in the body and brain and are transported by minute electrical signals. The connections known as synapses transmit the signals that are vital for functioning and relating to others (Rock, 2009).
Computational Neuroscience and Compartmental Modeling
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, particularly the brain. Although the exact way in which the brain enables thought is one of the great mysteries of science, the fact that it does enable thought has been appreciated for thousands of years because of the evidence that strong blows to the head can lead to mental incapacitation. It has also long been known that human brains are somehow different; in about 335 B.C. Aristotle wrote, “Of all the animals, man has the largest brain in proportion to his size.”43 Still, it was not until the middle of the 18th century that the brain was widely recognized as the seat of consciousness. Before then, candidate locations included the heart and the spleen.
Leadership – how to develop the sustainability mindset
Published in Sander Tideman, Triple Value Leadership, 2022
A recent major breakthrough in neuroscience comes from the discovery that our brains are “plastic”, a phenomenon technically known as neuroplasticity.18 Our identity, character and state of mind are not static and fixed – they are a constantly changing and evolving process of moment-to-moment awareness. And we are in charge of the direction in which we evolve; we are not hapless victims of whatever occurs in our mind. Naturally, we suffer from dysfunctional patterns of thinking and varying degrees of pathologies, but this does not mean that the vast majority of us cannot train and develop our mental and emotional capacity.19
Rehabilitation robotics after stroke: a bibliometric literature review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Giacomo Zuccon, Basilio Lenzo, Matteo Bottin, Giulio Rosati
The general strategy was to construct a comprehensive database of publications on rehabilitation robotics using the online databases Scopus and Web of Science. Since the focus of the present study is on robotic rehabilitation in engineering and medical disciplines, contributions in engineering, computer science, medicine, health professions, and neuroscience were selected. Source types were journals, conference proceedings, books, and book series. To extend the search as much as possible, a range of synonyms for robotics and rehabilitation were used as search terms recurring in title, abstract, or keywords. Synonyms of ‘robotics’ were robot, exoskeleton, assist device (or system), wearable device (or system), haptic device (or system), cable-driven device (or system), and cable-based device (or system). Synonyms of ‘rehabilitation’ were rehab, movement training, and motor adaptation.
DIY tDCS: a need for an empirical look
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
Second, we already have a term, ‘non-invasive neuromodulation,’ to indicate that a brain intervention technology is both non-invasive and neuron-altering (Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Institute of Medicine; The National Academies of Sciences 2015). Researchers and physicians have been using this term to refer to brain intervention technologies that do not involve physical intrusion to the brain, such as tDCS, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and focused ultrasound. Therefore, instead of discarding the term ‘non-invasive,’ we can describe tDCS as non-invasive neuromodulation technology to help people understand the mechanism of tDCS in the brain more accurately.
Smart lighting systems: state-of-the-art and potential applications in warehouse order picking
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Marc Füchtenhans, Eric H. Grosse, Christoph H. Glock
The Scopus database permits excluding non-relevant subject areas to reduce the number of irrelevant papers retrieved during the search. Excluded subject areas are ‘Chemistry’, ‘Physics and Astronomy’, ‘Agricultural and Biological Sciences’, ‘Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology’, ‘Medicine’, ‘Chemical Engineering’, ‘Dentistry’, ‘Pharmacology’, ‘Toxicology and Pharmaceutics’, ‘Immunology and Microbiology’, ‘Veterinary’, ‘Nursing’, ‘Neuroscience’ and ‘Health Profession’. For each paper identified during the search, the title was checked and, if the work seemed relevant for this review, the abstract was read to evaluate the paper's relevance. Papers identified in the literature search were subjected to several selection filters. The language of the papers was limited to English and the year of publication was limited to 2000–2019. In addition, only works that appeared in peer-reviewed academic journals were considered relevant, and only those papers were considered that obviously focus on SLS with practical relevance. Consequently, academic papers that address tunnel lighting, lighting in mines, lighting in connection with flora and fauna, photovoltaic systems, traffic lights, vehicle lighting, airport runway lights, entertainment lighting, emergency lighting or underwater illumination were not considered relevant for this literature review. In total, 514 papers were identified that met the selection criteria, and these papers were read completely and subjected to further analysis. In the last step, a ‘snowball approach’ was employed by screening the sampled papers’ reference lists for additional relevant works. At the end of the literature search step, a total of 384 papers were considered relevant and included in the final sample. Due to space restrictions, only a subset of the final sample can be discussed in this work. A table summarising the complete sample and a classification is provided as supplemental data in the online appendix. The following descriptive results are based on an evaluation of the complete sample.