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Nanoelectronics
Published in Shilpi Birla, Neha Singh, Neeraj Kumar Shukla, Nanotechnology, 2022
The different types of FETs are MOSFETs (as described above), dual-gate MOSFET (DGMOSFET), consisting of double insulated gates, insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MNOS), ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), BioFET or biologically sensitive field-effect transistor, DNA-FET, junction field effect transistor (JFET), heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistor (HIGFET), modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET), tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET), high electron mobility field-effect transistor (HEMT), carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET), organic field-effect transistor (OFET), quantum field-effect transistor (QFET), FinFETs and even spin field-effect transistor (spin-FETs).
Low-Power FET-Based Biosensors
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena, Sushanta Kumar Mohapatra, Advanced VLSI Design and Testability Issues, 2020
Prasantha R. Mudimela, Rekha Chaudhary
A biosensor, defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), is a device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immune systems, tissues, organelles, or whole cells to detect chemical compounds by using electrical, thermal, or optical signals [1]. FET (field-effect transistor)-based biosensor (Bio-FET) is an electrically and chemically insulating layer that separates the analyte solution from the semiconducting device. The first Bio-FET developed by Piet Bergveld was the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) used for electrochemical and biological applications in 1970. The Bio-FET is a field-effect transistor (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor [MOSFET] based) that is gated by variations in the surface potential induced by molecules binding. When charged molecules, such as biomolecules, bind to the FET gate, which is usually a dielectric material, they can change the charge distribution of the underlying semiconductor material resulting in a change in conductance of the FET channel. As shown in Figure 9.1, Bio-FET consists of two main compartments: (i) the biological recognition element and (ii) the FET. Its construction is basically centered on the ISFET, a type of MOSFET where the metal gate is substituted by a membrane, solution of electrolyte, and reference electrode.
Electrochemical Composition Measurement
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
Michael J. Schöning, Arshak Poghossian, Olaf Glück, Marion Thust
The study of the current state of BioFETs reveals that some BioFETs, like EnFETs or cell-based FETs, are at a well-developed stage, whereas other BioFETs (e.g., DNA-FETs) are still in the experimental stage or starting phase. Although, many improvements have been made in the last few years, there are, however, still a number of fundamental and technological problems that must be overcome before the first reliable BioFET-based bioanalytical microsystem will appear on to the market. The same can be stated for biologically sensitive capacitive EIS sensors and LAPS.
Nanowire Transistors: A Next Step for the Low-Power Digital Technology
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
D. Ajitha, K. N. V. S. Vijaya Lakshmi, K. Bhagya Lakshmi
The Nanowire technology can be used as the most basic component of the IC i.e. in place of the (FET). There are so many changes developed in the potentiometric sensors [45] based on FET. These also exhibit regular features of the normal classic MOSFET. All the FET-based devices are three-terminal configuration with a source, drain and gate. The metallic gate in MOSFETs is in direct contact with the dielectric over the channel, whereas the gate (reference) electrode in biological FET (BioFET) sensors is separated from the dielectric by a sample fluid. The surface potential, which acts as an extra gate voltage, is altered by changes at the dielectric-solution interface.