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Downlink Fronthaul Connectivity for IoT Devices in Rural Areas with Scheduling Approach
Published in Ankan Bhattacharya, Bappadittya Roy, Samarendra Nath Sur, Saurav Mallik, Subhasis Dasgupta, Internet of Things and Data Mining for Modern Engineering and Healthcare Applications, 2023
Sayanti Ghosh, Sanjay Dhar Roy, Sumit Kundu
In Figure 8.1, a downlink IoT access/fronthaul connectivity can be supplied using suitable technology to each town or village. Fronthaul connectivity refers to a fibre-based connection between the baseband unit and remote radio head in radio access network (RAN) infrastructure. It originated from LTE networks. A flexible fronthaul organization is essential for balancing the throughput, latency, and reliability of 5G applications in an era. However, M number of IoT devices can be connected to N number of IoT gateways. The IoT gateways are working as a BS.
Radio Frequency Spectrum
Published in Saad Z. Asif, 5G Mobile Communications Concepts and Technologies, 2018
Spectrum allocation is required not only in air-interface, but also for backhaul and to some extent in the fronthaul. Fronthaul is the link between a pool of base band units and remote radio units (RRUs) which collectively formed the concept of C-RAN (cloud/centralized radio access network). Backhaul (first leg between RRUs and Core Network) is a major challenge for 5G, but to some extent, it can be fulfilled with wired media such as optical fiber cable and technologies such as very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2, and so on. However, for the most part, the air-interface (link between wireless user/device and remote radio unit) is where the vast majority of the spectrum is required.
Green Optical Networks Based on Machine Learning Techniques
Published in Gurjit Kaur, Akanksha Srivastava, Green Communication Technologies for Future Networks, 2023
A short comparison of 5G with 4G is given in Table 8.1. In 5G, fronthaul and backhaul will be merged to cross haul architecture in a single transport network that will combine different broadband services, both wired and wireless, packet transmission over optical fiber, and flexible services to both commercial and residential use.
Experimental investigation of VCSEL-based optical heterodyning with PAM 4 and envelop detection for 5G fronthaul systems
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2022
R. S. Karembera, K. Nfanyana, G. M. Isoe, T. B. Gibbon
In Figure 13, we show the results when the system was numerically analysed using the commercially available Optiwave software. The simulation here was necessary since the experimental parameters used in this manuscript were different from those used when obtaining the numerical results report in [17]. The inconsistency in parameters between experimental and numerical was due to the limitation of physical devices such the PD in our laboratory. In Figure 13, we can see that for both experimental and numerical results, the BER performance was below 10−9. The agreement between the experiment and numerical results further supports the potential for VCSEL-based optical heterodyning for application in 5G fronthaul networks.
Adaptive real-time reconfiguration gate scheduling scheme using time perceptive stream
Published in Automatika, 2023
S. Lekashri, K. N. Madhusudhan, A. SivaSangari, P. Gururama Senthilvel
Various research works have been carried out for improving the Time Aware Streams (TAS) and utilization. Some of them were discussed here as follows. To derive the worst-case traffic delay bounds, a formal timing analysis scheme is discussed in [6]. The consequences of this formal timing mechanism provide better results for ULL transmission during shaper synchronization. However, if the condition is not satisfied, then this scheme suffers longer blocking times. Ethernet-based fronthaul networks performance with TAS is performed using Opnet simulation model [7].
Slime Mould Algorithm based Fuzzy Linear CFO Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
M. Prabhu, B. Muthu Kumar, A. Ahilan
In 2021 Mallick, K., et al [13] suggested bi-OFDM-based MMWOF and THzWOF systems to test MMW and THzW in the context of a 5G access fronthaul network. L and C b, as well as Q dash LD, serve as bandwidth for downlink and uplink transmission, generating MMW and THzW beat frequencies, respectively. Due to its low bit rate of errors, tolerable error vector magnitude (10.2%), and clear constellation diagram, it has improved the system’s capabilities.