China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Water
Published in P.K. Tewari, Advanced Water Technologies, 2020
With the help of environmentally stable (2H and 18O) and radioactive (3H and 14C) isotopes, the source and origin of groundwater recharge can be identified.10 Isotope techniques in hydrology and water resource management are largely based on the tracer concept. The objective is to directly trace the movement of water molecules in any part of the hydrological cycle and derive information on the transport processes and how such processes are affected by other factors. Isotope techniques have been extensively used to understand the source and mechanism of groundwater pollution. In hilly regions, springs are normally the available source of water for drinking, food production and other uses. These resources are meager and the low rate of discharge during summer causes much hardship to the people. Isotope techniques may be successfully employed to identify the recharge areas of springs, enabling water conservation methods that can rejuvenate dried-up springs (Figure 1.4).
Capacity of urban springs to support emergency water needs, a secondary city case study: Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2020
Danielle Davis, Dmytro Diadin, Amanda Shores, Olga Khandogina, Melinda Laituri
Springs provide vital water resources during emergencies and for future water planning. We evaluate the Kharkiv springs to determine if they can meet minimum drinking-water requirements for the population in Kharkiv. We analyzed the following: (1) the extent that water from urban springs can meet the majority of Kharkiv’s minimum drinking-water requirements, (2) the geospatial variability of the location, density and discharge of springs; and (3) the density of springs that spatially intersect with the population. We statistically evaluated whether springs near highly populated areas receive more visitors by conducting a linear regression analysis. We ranked the springs in need of protective measures based on (1) high discharge, (2) larger populations within large spring service areas, and (3) high risk for pollution. This case study demonstrates how combining available data with new field collection studies and remotely sensed data can better inform springs management. This approach provides the basis for evaluating spring use and protection prioritization in environments where springs and urban areas intersect.