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Properties and applications of engineering materials
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
All metals, and particularly ferrous metals, are subject to corrosion. This is the result of a chemical reaction that takes place between the metal and some other element in its service environment. The other element is very often oxygen, which is present in the atmosphere and in water. Non-ferrous metals usually have a higher resistance to corrosion than those containing iron. They react with oxygen from the atmosphere but the oxide film that forms on the surface is denser. Once formed it protects the metal against further attack.
Sustainability in Metal Industries
Published in Swapan Kumar Dutta, Jitendra Saxena, Binoy Krishna Choudhury, Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Metal Industries, 2023
Eurometaux (2015) has pointed out that non-ferrous metals, because of their longer recyclability when compared with ferrous metals, would attain central stage in 2050’s sustainable society. In the process of attaining circular economy, non-metals will become integral part of the society and will facilitate innovation, deliver mobility, enhance communications, protect products through packaging and lower energy consumption in many sectors.
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Crops: Status, Sources, Risks, and Management Strategies
Published in Vinod Kumar Tripathi, Megh R. Goyal, Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 2021
Mayuri Chabukdhara, Sanjay K. Gupta, Arvind K. Nema
Mining and non-ferrous metals smelting activities are one of the most significant sources of worldwide pollution by heavy metals [3, 12, 16, 31, 73, 115, 133]. Near a Pb-smelter in Lastenia of Argentina, elevated levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn were reported in urban soils [40]. Similarly, elevated levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found near a Cu-smelting plant of Montana, USA [23]. In another study, high levels of metals were observed in the mine dumpsites of a Cu-W Mine in Korea, with an average of 1.95, 419, 4.4, and 1030 mg/kg of soil for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, respectively [61]. Smelting activities had led to significant contamination of local soils with Cd (3.88 mg/kg) and Zn (403.9 mg/kg) near a zinc-smelter in the northeast part of China [69].
TIG welding parameters optimization of Al–Si–Mg ternary alloy–SiC powder reinforced composites using Taguchi and RSM techniques
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Jayashree P. K., Sathyashankara Sharma, Nagaraja Shetty
Development in the field of materials revolution has incited innumerable novel resources. Al6061–SiC composites are one among the expanding classes of materials that are used for several applications, viz. marine, aviation, automobile, and construction industries. The extensive usage of these for several applications is a direct result of its value-added properties, viz. high strength, excellent weldability, resistance to corrosion, and high strength to weight ratio properties. Aluminium, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel, titanium and the alloys of these metals are important nonferrous metals and alloys. To comply with the requirements for some specific applications, pure metals are not used in the as-cast conditions. In addition, there are also a few special-purpose non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Aluminium, and its alloys are used in a variety of cast, wrought forms and heat-treated conditions. Forgings, sections, extrusions, sheets, plates, strips and wire are some examples of wrought forms, while castings are accessible as sand, pressure and gravity die castings. In practice merely very few elements have been confirmed to be appropriate as alloying add-ons in aluminium wrought and cast materials for structural use. They are magnesium, silicon, manganese, copper and zinc that are utilized as distinct elements besides as blends. These alloying add-ons expand the properties of aluminium when added in preferred proportions. Among the non-ferrous metals and alloys, the prime one is aluminium and its alloys (Senthilkumar et al., 2007; Urena et al., 2000).
Toward the Implementation of Circular Economy Strategies: An Overview of the Current Situation in Mineral Processing
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Luis A. Cisternas, Javier I. Ordóñez, Ricardo I. Jeldres, Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero
Base metals, such as aluminum, copper, zinc, and tin, are non-ferrous metals that have a wide range of industrial applications, such as components for alloys as brass, steel, and bronze and as the basis for the generation of structural constructions, among others. For the extraction of the base species from the ore, depending on the physical, chemical, and mineral characteristics of the deposits, two processing routes can be carried out: hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy (Botelho Junior, Dreisinger and Espinosa 2019) (Figure 2). Other resources as cobalt, PGMs (platinum group metals) and ferrous metals (nickel and iron) may be treated by pyrometallurgy after a concentrating stage.
Dendrograms, heat maps and principal component analysis – the practical use of statistical methods for source apportionment of trace elements in PM10
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek, Anna Mainka, Konrad Kaczmarek
Sb – antimony is a toxic element. Anthropogenic sources include non-ferrous metal mining, non-ferrous metal primary and secondary smelting and refining, coal combustion and refuse and sludge combustion. The range of Sb concentration in air is from 50 to 200 ng/m3. The exposure pathways of Sb are intake by inhalation, ingestion or dermal contact.[19]