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Assessment of heavy metal contamination and ecological risk of core sediments in a coastal wetland of India
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Nimmi N, Shiji M, Harikumar P S
Kerala, a southern state in India, despite its small land area of 38864 sq. km, has about a 590-km-long coastline entailed with a vast network of backwaters, lagoons, natural lakes, rivers, and canals. Biyyam wetlands in the state of Kerala, is spread over Malappuram and Thrissur districts. This green fringed waterway is situated at the downstream of the Kole lands which are the low-lying areas located 0.5 to 1 m below Mean Sea Level (MSL). The Kole lands have been recognized as Important Bird Area (IBA), Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Area (ICMBA), and Key Biodiversity Area (KBA). Biyyam wetland is unique because of its ecological and economic characteristics and is considered to be notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change under the 100 wetlands rejuvenation program.