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Aquatic ecosystem
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Marine pollution is a serious concern that has a destructive effect on the environment, organisms healthy, and world economy. There are many methods to classify the marine pollution based on the path of entry and the type of pollution. Generally, pollution is categorized into two classes depending on the pathway of entry: point source or nonpoint source pollution. Point source pollution is a single, identifiable, localized source of the pollution that occurs specially in developing nations. Directly discharging sewage and industrial waste into the ocean is the most important point source of pollution. These sources are called point sources because in mathematical modeling they can be approximated as a mathematical point to simplify analysis. Nonpoint source pollution is resulting from diffuse sources such as agricultural runoff and wind-blown debris. This pollution can be difficult to regulate.
System engineering based design for safety and total cost of ownership
Published in Pentti Kujala, Liangliang Lu, Marine Design XIII, 2018
P. Corrignan, V. Le Diagon, N. Li, S. Torben, M. de Jongh, K.E. Holmefjord, B. Rafine, R. Le Nena, A. Guegan, L. Sagaspe, X. de Bossoreille
The marine industry provides solutions for all types of vessels and load profiles, for instance Platform Supply Vessel (PSV), Anchor-Handling Tug Supply vessels (AHTS), Cruise vessel, Ferries etc. The electrical power system can be provided with an AC bus or DC distribution system, with energy storage in various locations and in electrical, mechanical or hybrid system configurations. The power source capacity (main engine, auxiliary diesel generator, battery, fuel cell etc.) and power flow control logics (PFC) must be selected and engineered to satisfy the various load profiles. To facilitate automatic power system operation, the algorithms are defined based on experience from marine engineers and classification requirements, which forms the fundamental to program the Power Flow Logic (PFC). It covers load-dependent auxiliary engines, PTI/PTO coordination with main engines, bus-tie breaker settings, energy storage functions and so on. Figure 7 illustrates the main logic of MPSET where the Power Mode layer covers all these PFC logics, creating a matrix of operational power mode possibilities
Values, Alterations and Degradation of the Natural Landscape
Published in Kimon Hadjibiros, Ecology and Applied Environmental Science, 2013
The development of technology improved man’s living standard and his adaptability to various environments; nevertheless a large percentage of the world’s population still lives in the coastal areas. Most big cities, where the greatest part of economic and other activities is centred, are near the coast. Significant percentages of raw materials and energy are obtained from the coastal region: oil and gas, wind, wave and tidal energy, seafood from fishing and aquaculture, sand and gravel from marine aggregates, salt from sea saltworks, freshwater from desalination, etc. The development of new technological applications creates prospects for even more intensive exploitation of the coastal and marine space. At the same time, the lack of proper management, the depletion of natural resources and the accumulation of waste in the environment by production and consumption activities create serious degradation problems in the coastal region; these problems often become a hindrance for developmental activities and a threat for people’s health and quality of life.
A solar energy-based shore side power system for a ferry service across the Suez Canal
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2023
Ameen M. Bassam, Alexander B. Phillips, Stephen R. Turnock, Philip A. Wilson
Sustainable development of maritime transportation has generated considerable research interest recently to preserve the available resources and the surrounding environment while achieving the targeted economic growth (Gupta et al. 2005; Roh et al. 2016). This is due to the fact that shipping handles more than 80% of the world trade while ship fuel consumption is dominated by conventional fossil fuels (Hansson et al. 2019). As a result, the total shipping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased by 9.6% between 2012 and 2018. These emissions are projected to increase by from 90% to 130% of 2008 emissions by 2050 as investigated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) (Faber et al. 2020). In addition to air pollution, negative environmental impacts of shipping include water, oil and noise pollution which endanger the marine ecosystems especially of coastal and port cities.
Comparative reliability analysis and enhancement of marine dual-fuel engines
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2022
Georgios Lazaridis Kirolivanos, Byongug Jeong
Furthermore, the shipping industry over the years has faced major difficulties in various aspects, one of the most crucial of those are the safety aspects (Wang 2001). Safety precautions are frequently considered before the design of a vessel or a marine system in order to minimize and possibly prevent the loss of human lives, the loss of cargo, the damage or loss of assets (i.e., equipment or vessels) and pollution to the environment (Lois et al. 2004). In order to signify the importance of safety aspects, it is worth mentioning that since 2002 the IMO has employed a method to identify and minimize the potential hazards of a new system introduced into the industry, which is called the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) (IMO 2018). On the other hand, maintenance has always been a major part of the marine transport business that contributes significantly in terms of cost over the lifetime of a vessel and amasses to a high percentage of the operational costs. The rise of mechanization and automation has increased the funds directed for maintenance purposes while reducing the number of needed crewmembers (Dekker 1996). In the marine industry, one of the most common approaches to assess safety levels and to provide advice for maintenance strategies has been reliability assessments.
Application analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for marine power plants
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Serhiy Serbin, Nikolay Washchilenko, Oleksandr Cherednichenko, Kateryna Burunsuz, Marek Dzida, Daifen Chen
The main efforts in the field of marine engineering are currently aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the production, transmission, and use of energy, which is possible only if innovations are based on fundamental science achievements, together with the creation and implementation of new, more reliable and durable materials, equipment and technologies. Fuel cells are one of the promising directions for solving problems of providing electric energy to consumers in various complex conditions (Sun et al. 2010; Díaz-de-Baldasano et al. 2014; Han et al. 2015; Chen et al. 2017, 2018).