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An evolving agenda for environmental, health, and safety management in mining
Published in Natalia Yakovleva, Edmund Nickless, Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development, 2022
Luis E. Sánchez, Daniel M. Franks
Long study periods may be necessary to establish a reliable baseline and to adequately survey threatened species, ecosystems, or critical habitats. Loss of biodiversity often entails adverse social impacts through the loss of ecosystem services, defined as the benefits people obtain from natural or modified ecosystems. Potential impacts of a new project on ecosystem services may be required as part of the ESIA. Methods were developed for that purpose and experience is growing (Treweek and Landsberg, 2018). Applying the ecosystem services concept has the potential to facilitate the integrated analysis of biophysical and social impacts (Rosa and Sánchez, 2016).
Basic Chemical Hazards to Wildlife
Published in Jack Daugherty, Assessment of Chemical Exposures, 2020
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is simply the variety of living organisms in a particular habitat or ecosystem, measured as the numbers of species or subspecies of plants, animals, and microorganisms present in the system, as an indication of the health of an environment. Ecological systems obviously support higher biodiversity than agricultural or urban environments.
Applications in Industry
Published in Sylvia Frühwirth-Schnatter, Gilles Celeux, Christian P. Robert, Handbook of Mixture Analysis, 2019
Kerrie Mengersen, Earl Duncan, Julyan Arbel, Clair Alston-Knox, Nicole White
Toxic spills are externalities of industrial activity that affect soils. Their impact on the biodiversity is one of many detrimental consequences of toxic spills on an ecosystem. Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of organisms present in an ecosystem. Since mixture models are probability models for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, it is reasonable to use mixtures for modelling biodiversity. We will pursue this approach here, under a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) framework; see Chapter 6 for a comprehensive review of BNP mixture models.
Ecological impact due to extraction of energy from estuaries
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2023
S. Haddout, K.L. Priya, A.M. Hoguane
Biodiversity and ecosystem services are intimately linked. Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life and its interaction with the environment, ranging from genotypes to ecosystems. Truly estuarine species are those that complete their whole life cycle within the transitional waters. Species permanently dwelling there are mostly hardy, stress-tolerant species able to handle salinity shifts and high suspended solid levels (Barletta & Lima, 2019; Penk, 2020). Not many species can perform well under such conditions. Estuarine ecosystems are thus typically characterized by relatively low species diversity comparing to freshwater or full salinity conditions (Penk, 2020). Freshwater species are becoming less abundant with increasing salinity and are gradually replaced by marine organisms moving down the estuary with some truly estuarine species found at intermediate salinities (Chapman & Wang, 2001; Penk, 2020). This pattern is reflected by the overall species richness, where the least diverse fauna is found at salinity levels of between 5 and 18 ppt (Penk, 2020).
Feedback between climate change and eutrophication: revisiting the allied attack concept and how to strike back
Published in Inland Waters, 2022
Mariana Meerhoff, Joachim Audet, Thomas A. Davidson, Luc De Meester, Sabine Hilt, Sarian Kosten, Zhengwen Liu, Néstor Mazzeo, Hans Paerl, Marten Scheffer, Erik Jeppesen
Degraded ecosystems are too often resistant to traditional restoration measures because of constraints on changes in landscape connectivity and organization, loss of native species pools, shifts in guilds dominance, changes in major trophic interactions, invasion by exotic species, and associated changes in biogeochemical processes (Suding et al. 2004). The efforts described would not only help recover good water quality and lead to improved biodiversity, but also decrease the carbon footprints of fresh waters, even turning some waters from net sources to net sinks of GHG, by increasing carbon sequestration while decreasing CH4 emissions (Taylor et al. 2019), which would also contribute to ecosystem resilience to counter the pressures from climate change. Lake management measures aimed at reducing GHG emissions are starting to be applied, and results need to be monitored (e.g., by water managers in a Dutch waterscape; Motelica-Wagenaar et al. 2020).
Response of macroinvertebrates to industrial warm discharges: the River Shannon case study (Ireland)
Published in Inland Waters, 2021
Alexander West, Marcin R. Penk, Rachael Larney, Jeremy J. Piggott
Environmental temperature regimes are a key driver of metabolism, life histories, behaviour, and species interactions within communities (Brown et al. 2004, Hoekman 2010, García et al. 2018, Cloyed et al. 2019). The degree of boost or stress that individual species experience as a result of heating depends on its intensity, duration, and individual species’ thermal niches, which are frequently unknown (Heino et al. 2009). Consequently, the impact of warming likely varies among even closely related species (Worthington et al. 2015, Nelson et al. 2020). Increased temperatures may alter the phenology by changing, for example, insect emergence periods, spawning periods, or metabolic demand (Bregman 1969, Coutant 1999, Cloyed et al. 2019). Such impacts of heat stress from thermal pollution can propagate throughout the entire community, often leading to a reduction in invertebrate abundance and richness (Wojtalik and Waters 1970, Langford 1971, Fussmann et al. 2014, Worthington et al. 2015) and an increased dominance of heat-tolerant species (Penk and Williams 2019). The resulting decrease in biodiversity can potentially compromise ecosystem functioning. For example, higher species richness and diversity is conducive to higher temporal stability (Huang et al. 2020) and resistance to biological invasions (Stachowicz and Byrnes 2006).