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Introduction
Published in Debabrata Das, Debayan Das, Biochemical Engineering, 2019
About two million different kinds of organisms live on earth. It is impossible to study every living organism individually; therefore, they are classified into various groups based on their similarities. The science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classification of organisms is known as taxonomy. It was first developed by Carl Linnaeus. He is known as the father of taxonomy. For the naming of organisms, he introduced a binomial nomenclature comprising a genus name and a species name. Microorganisms can be classified based on their cell type, phenotypic, genotypic, and analytical. The most widely accepted classification based on cell type is the three-domain system introduced by Carl Woese et al. in 1977. It divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukarya domains (Table 1.2). For each domain, the final scientific hierarchy for classification is as follows: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.
Ontology based exchange mechanism for Systems Engineering information
Published in Jaap Bakker, Dan M. Frangopol, Klaas van Breugel, Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems, 2017
Entities that represents SE information like e.g. a requirement, physical object, activity, risk etc. are the building blocks of the information models. The entities used in the SE information models can be hierarchically ordered by means of a taxonomy as shown in figure 11. Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying ‘things’. The taxonomy used in this paper is derived from ISO 15926 and starts with ‘thing’. A ‘thing’ is anything that is or may be thought about or perceived, including material and non-material objects, ideas, and actions. Everything is either an Individual, or an Abstract Object. An individual is a thing that exists in space and time, an abstract object is anything that is not an individual, in other words a thing that does not exist in space-time
Complexity and Human Factors
Published in Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Daniel P. Jenkins, Command and Control: The Sociotechnical Perspective, 2009
Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Daniel P. Jenkins
A very crude characterization of the so-called ‘classic approach’ to science is that in order to understand how something works and behaves it has to be taken apart. This has been the basis of scientific endeavour and progress since the Renaissance and Carl Linnaeus, the acknowledged father of taxonomy, produced such a thing in 1735 for plant and animal species and called it the ‘Systema Naturae’. The rationale behind taking things apart and reducing them to their fundamental properties is that it makes them less complex and easier to understand. When all parts have been understood, they can be reassembled into the ‘whole’ from whence they came using the hierarchical map of decomposition that was used to take the system apart in the first place. The whole, therefore, is assumed to be no more and no less than the sum of its parts. It is precisely by these means that true complexity, in the complex systems research sense of the term, ‘can be assiduously avoided’.
The CoDIS Taxonomy for Brain-Computer Interface Games Controlled by Electroencephalography
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Gabriel Alves Mendes Vasiljevic, Leonardo Cunha de Miranda
A taxonomy is a scheme of classification. The proposed taxonomy, called CoDIS, is faceted, rather than hierarchical, meaning that there is no implicit relationship between the classification categories, and no category is more important or general than the others. Instead, the investigated phenomenon is seen with multiple perspectives, called facets, allowing to classify an entity based on different aspects or characteristics (Tzitzikas et al., 2007; Usman et al., 2017). A faceted classification scheme can also be seen as a collection of taxonomies (Tzitzikas et al., 2007), since each facet has its own set of terminology for representing the different perspectives of the objects of interest, and each facet can be developed or expanded individually (Kwasnik, 1999). An individual entity is classified by associating it with zero or more terms from each facet. A faceted taxonomy is also recommended in cases in which the object of interest is subject to change over time, since it is more scalable in comparison to hierarchical structures (Prieto-Díaz, 1991).
Urban co-creation taxonomy
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2022
Bruno Seve, Ernesto Redondo, Roberto Sega
Taxonomy is, in its most general sense, the science of classification. To create a taxonomy, first a classification system needs to be defined. To achieve this, the research combines levels of information, case studies and experiments, based on a mixed research methodology that brings together various approaches (Johnson et al., 2004; Creswell 2013).