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Biological Approaches for Advanced Fuels Development from Biological/Plant Residues or Wastes
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Nowadays, geothermal energy which is harnessed from hot springs is used for humankind’s needs. In this energy source, the Earth’s core area is considered hot as the sun’s surface due to the slow decay of radioactive particles or elements in the rocks at the center of the Earth’s planet. In this energy source, drilling a deep well brings the boiling underground water to the Earth’s surface as hydrothermal energy or resources. Then it is pumped via a turbine device for the generation of electric power (Pearre and Swan, 2020). Geothermal energy plants have shown low emission for pumping the steam water due to the reservoir system’s back. This source of energy can increase the risks of earthquakes in that area due to geological hot spots. Geothermal system installation is expensive at the initial stage, but it has shown fewer maintenance issues and longer life than air (Alirahmi et al., 2019).
The Game Changers
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Geothermal energy in hot springs and geysers has been used for a number of purposes—from bathing to cooking—since the beginning of time. The oldest known spa, a stone pool on China’s Lisan mountain, was built in the 3rd century BC.
Global Energy Balance
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Now days, hot springs are still used for bathing purposes, but geothermal energy is used more intensively for electricity generation, with nearly 12 GW of geo-power plants online in 24 countries. Another 30 GW of geothermal heating capacity is used for space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications.
Environmental and human health impacts of geothermal exploitation in China and mitigation strategies
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Yuanan Hu, Hefa Cheng, Shu Tao
Radon, when occurs at elevated levels in geothermal fluids, could pose health risk after degassing. Due to its rapid dispersion in ambient air, 222Rn emitted from geothermal power plants could pose low or no radiological risk (Matthews, 1981; Whitehead et al., 2007). On the other hand, the workers of spa centers and hot spring facilities that use geothermal water containing high concentrations of 222Rn could have excessive radiation exposure (Li et al., 1994; Qin & Meng, 1996, Song et al., 2005). The radiation risk of 222Rn decay products, indicated by the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC), was much higher in the air of confined rooms of hot spring facilities than that in outdoor air (Figure S5). The action level for the PAEC of 222Rn progeny in indoor air was exceeded in many hot spring facilities, while the limit for geothermal water utilization was also exceeded in some cases. As frequent visit to hot spring facilities is unlikely for the general population, the health risk from 222Rn exposure is a major concern only for the workers of geothermal spa and hot spring facilities. Thus, proper ventilation is necessary to minimize the human health risk from 222Rn released from geothermal fluids in the confined rooms at these facilities.
Statistical optimization for lipase production from solid waste of vegetable oil industry
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Rajesh Kumar Sahoo, Mohit Kumar, Swati Mohanty, Matthew Sawyer, Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman, Lala Behari Sukla, Enketeswara Subudhi
Sediment sample was collected from Taptapani Hot spring, Odisha where the temperature is 48 ± 5°C and pH 7.69 ± 0.4. Sediment sample was serial diluted and spread on Rhodamine B-olive oil agar plates[27] and incubated for 48 hr at 50°C. Orange fluorescent halos around colonies under UV rays were recorded as the positive lipase producer. Bacterial colonies exhibiting fluorescence were selected and inoculated into Bushnell Haas Broth containing (BHB) olive oil. After 72 hr, cells were harvested by centrifugation at 10,000× g for 10 min (HERMLE, Germany) and the supernatant was used as a source of crude lipase. Lipase was assayed by measuring the amount of 4-nitrophenol released from 4-nitrophenyl laureate at 405 nm as described by Sahoo et al.[28]
Biodegradation of biodiesel-oil by Cellulosimicrobium sp. Isolated from Colombian Caribbean soils
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Angela Bertel-Sevilla, Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos, Irina Tirado-Ballestas, Wilson Maldonado-Rojas, Juan Alzate-Restrepo, Jesus Olivero-Verbel
A previous study reported by Chatterjee et al. [23] suggests that C. cellulans KUCr3 strain is a potential candidate for possible environmental clean-up operations for bioremediation. In this report, viable cells were immobilized in an agarose bead to degrading hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI). The successful reduction occurred after 144 h, with a decreasing concentration ranging from 75% to 40% (0.5 and 2 mM Cr (VI)). Cellulosimicrobium sp. was identified as a hexavalent chromium-resistant bacteria in contaminated soil through rhizosphere colonization [29]. Sharma et al. [28] also isolated Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain from arsenic-rich microbial mats of a Himalayan hot spring.