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Atmospheric Pollution and Pollutants
Published in Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish, Air Quality, 2021
Wayne T. Davis, Joshua S. Fu, Thad Godish
The term haze is often used in the nomenclature of air quality. Although haze and smog are closely related, both representing atmospheric conditions characterized by visibility reduction, they differ in both intensity and geography. Haze typically refers to the large-scale visibility reduction that occurs in the lower atmosphere near the ground that is a result of the presence of submicron suspended particulate matter that scatters visible light. It can be observed in cities across the world, particularly in summer months. Both haze and photochemical smog can be present at the same time, depending on whether the conditions exist for atmospheric photochemical reactions to occur.
Consequences of Energy Sources on the Environment
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Fine particles (PM2.5) are the main cause of reduced visibility (haze) in parts of the United States, including many of our treasured national parks and wilderness areas. One of the most basic forms of air pollution—haze—degrades visibility in many U.S. cities and scenic areas. Haze is caused when sunlight encounters tiny pollution particles in the air, which reduce the clarity and color of what we see, particularly during humid conditions. Since 1988, the federal government has been monitoring visibility in national parks and wilderness areas. In 1999, the EPA announced a major effort to improve air quality in national parks and wilderness areas.
Intelligent pavement materials with ecological active dust control technology
Published in Sandra Erkens, Xueyan Liu, Kumar Anupam, Yiqiu Tan, Functional Pavement Design, 2016
Zhi Suo, Feng Guo, Jie Ji, ShanShan Jin, Ao Zhang
Currently, there are two main methods to control the haze all over the world: one is the back-end purify the polluted air, the other is the front-end control the source of pollution. The data from Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau shows that the dust and motor vehicle exhaust are the major sources of haze in Beijing is 45.4%. Compared with the technology of the back-end purify the polluted air, the front-end control the source of pollution is more beneficial and efficient. “To solve the haze, controlling the dust firstly” should be the principle of city environment management.
Performance evaluation of multiple particulate matter monitoring instruments under higher temperatures and relative humidity in Southeast Asia and design of an affordable monitoring instrument (ManPMS)
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
Nam Duong Thanh, Hoa Tran Thi, Trung Nguyen Quang, Huy Nguyen Van, Giang Hoang Nguyen, Quyet Nguyen Huu, Tung Tran Son
The air quality in rural areas in the region has been negatively impacted as well. The open burning of agricultural waste and deforestation has been increasing to keep up with the demand for food and export.[15] The smoke from the activity has been recorded to travel across boundaries and oceans to affect adjacent countries. Haze is an atmospheric phenomenon in which visibility is degraded by aerosols. Air quality monitoring stations in Hat Yai (Thailand) detected open burning smoke originating from Indonesia during haze events.[16] Because of the constant burning, combined with the metrological conditions in the regions, the intensity and frequency of haze events would only worsen in the near future.[17]
Analysis of the carbon dioxide mole fraction variation and its transmission characteristics in Taiyuan
Published in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 2020
Fengsheng ZHANG, Lingyun ZHU, Shiming YAN, Xing’ai GAO, Kunning PEI
A haze day is defined according to the visibility, relative humidity, and the mass concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) and PM1.0 (particulate matter with a diameter of 1.0 μm or less), based on national standards in China. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM1.0 are measured by 1405D and 1405 online aerosol mass concentration monitors produced by Thermo Scientific, United States, and the sampling point is set at 3 m above the ground. Conventional meteorological data, such as visibility, relative humidity, and wind (10 m), during the same period, are observed by automatic weather stations. The data used in this paper are all from the same observation station, with strict quality control.
The impact of haze on photovoltaic systems: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Wei Chen, Jing Ren, Tao Chen, Zhi Xu, Nick Nick, Shijie Chen, Xinfang Wu, Jia Lin, Chunjiang Zhao, Yongsheng Liu
Haze is not only a serious health hazard but also affects the light passing through the atmosphere. In this paper, the reduction in solar resource due to light extinction caused by PM2.5 particles in the lower atmosphere is considered. Formula 2 in the following can be used to estimate how much light is lost due to haze. Peters, Karthik, and Haohui et al. (2018), Nobre, Karthik, and Liu et al. (2016). Using this function relation, we project how much irradiance Shanghai would have received if no air pollution was present for the period from December 2017 to February 2018. Irradiance without haze (PM2.5 is 0 μg/m3) is for demonstration purposes only.