China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Geohazards: assessment and planning
Published in F.G. Bell, Geological Hazards, 1999
Once the risk has been assessed methods whereby the risk can be reduced have to be investigated and evaluated in terms of public costs and benefits. The risks associated with geological hazards may be reduced, for instance, by control measures carried out against the hazard-producing agent; by predisaster community preparedness, monitoring, surveillance and warning systems that allow evacuation; by restrictions on development of land; and by the use of appropriate building codes together with structural reinforcement of property. In addition, the character of the ground conditions can affect both the viability and implementation of planning proposals. The incorporation of geological information into planning processes should mean that proposals can be formulated that do not conflict with the ground conditions present.
On the application of drones: a progress report in mining operations
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2021
Khadija Omar Said, Moshood Onifade, Joseph Muchiri Githiria, Jibril Abdulsalam, Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin, Bekir Genc, Oluwagbenga Johnson, Jide Muili Akande
Acquiring accurate and precise three-dimensional data is crucial in improving the efficiency of mining operations. Having accurate terrain information is key to generating three-dimensional models and predicting the risk associated with geological hazards. However, the limitation in mining is that focus is mostly given to using costly expertise and equipment based on know-how than the actual aim of acquiring correct topographical information [101]. The conventional technique in generating maps in mining entails usage of a total station integrated with computer-aided design applications.
Case study on debris-flow hazard mitigation at a world natural heritage site, Jiuzhaigou Valley, Western China
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2020
Wanyu Zhao, Yong You, Xiaoqing Chen, Jingfeng Liu, Jiangang Chen
The Jiuzhaigou earthquake induced a large number of geological hazards, which damaged certain scenic areas as well as roads and tourism infrastructure to varying degrees. The earthquake had a substantial effect on the natural scenery and tourism in the Jiuzhaigou Valley (Lei et al. 2018). According to investigation results, landslides, collapses and debris-flow gullies occurred at 13, 70 and 25 sites, respectively (Chen et al. 2018; Wu et al. 2018). Generally, geological hazards can be prevented and controlled by engineering control measures. However, the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake led to an increase in the amount of loose, solid material, and this material is a rich source for the formation of future debris flows. Based on analysis of the history of debris flows and development trends, debris flows occurred continuously for 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes (Cui et al. 2011, 2014). Specifically, there was an increase in the number, scale, and frequency of debris flows after these two earthquakes (Tang et al. 2009, 2011). Similarly, it is expected that the debris flows in the Jiuzhaigou Valley could remain active for 5 years following the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. They could pose a direct threat to the villages, primeval forests, and tourism infrastructure in the Jiuzhaigou Valley. In addition, if debris flows enter lakes, large amounts of sediment could pollute their waters and severely affect the aesthetics of the lake scenery. Debris-flow control measures can help prevent debris-flow hazards from directly threatening the roads and tourism infrastructure in scenic areas, prevent large amounts of sediment from entering lakes and polluting their waters, maintain the aesthetic value of lakes, protect tourism development in scenic areas, and preserve the overall appearance of the unique and primitive natural scenery.