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Gypsum board
Published in Gary Anglin, Introduction to Estimating, Plan Reading and Construction Techniques, 2019
However, the definitive source for all fire ratings is UL, Underwriters Laboratories. This textbook uses the 2016 Volume of the UL Fire Resistance Directories. There are three volumes of UL fire code data that mainly effects contractors. They are: Volume 1 Fire Resistance Directory with hourly ratings for beams, floors, roofs, columns, walls, and partitions.Volume 2A and 2B Fire Resistance Directory with hourly ratings for joint systems, through-penetration firestop system, and electrical circuit protective systems and duct assemblies.Volume 3 Fire Resistance Directory with hourly ratings for dampers, fire doors, glazing materials, and related equipment.
Glass
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Glass blocks, jointed with mortar, give a fire resistance of 60 minutes with respect to integrity (G60) and either 15 (F15), 30 (F30) or 60 (F60) minutes with respect to thermal isolation, according to BS EN 1364-1: 2015. Firestop blocks (TF30) are manufactured from 26 mm rather than 8 mm glass to offer the increased fire protection. Firestop construction requires the incorporation of stainless steel bars within the mortar joints. Sound reduction over the 100–3150 Hz range is typically 40–42 dB for standard blocks but up to 45–49 dB for the TF60 blocks. Visible light transmission ranges downwards from 80% to 60% depending upon the pattern and block size, but this is reduced significantly for coloured glass.
Duct Design
Published in Herbert W. Stanford, Adam F. Spach, Analysis and Design of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems, 2019
Herbert W. Stanford, Adam F. Spach
Systems that comply with ASTM E-814 are generally referred to as through-penetration firestop systems. These systems each should be tested and rated by an independent testing laboratory for a specific application or range of applications. UL publishes a listing annually of through-penetration fire-stop systems and every architect and engineer should become familiar with this publication.
A Framework for the Quantification of Non-Structural Seismic Performance Factors
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Daniele Perrone, Derek Rodriguez, Andre Filiatrault, Emanuele Brunesi, Clemens Beiter, Roberto Piccinin
Once the required spacing sa is calculated, the following additional prescriptive requirements shall be implemented in the final evaluation of the spacing between sway brace trapezes: the spacing sa between two transverse sway braced trapezes shall not exceed 12.0 m;the maximum spacing sa between two longitudinal sway braced trapezes shall not exceed 24.0 m;if the pipes penetrate a wall, and a firestop is installed, two additional transverse sway braced trapezes shall be installed immediately before and after (e.g. at a distance 0.35 m from) the wall;additional lateral sway braced trapezes shall be installed close to a change of directions and close to the end of a pipe run. The requirements prescribed by NFPA 13 (2019) can be adopted for this purpose.
Structural silicone glazing: optimizing future designs based on historical performances
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2020
Lawrence D. Carbary, Jon H. Kimberlain
The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backbone of silicone polymer contains about half of the organic matter of an organic-based polymer such as polyurethane or polyisobutylene (and others). Therefore, the fuel load of structural silicone is reduced compared to organic sealants. Silicone materials are classified and rated in firestop assemblies (UL 2018). Curtainwall assemblies that use silicone structural glazing technology typically are not fire-rated. There are spandrel assemblies adjacent to floor slabs of buildings that are required to be rated for flame, smoke and heat. This area typically is called the safing slot, the space between the back of the curtainwall spandrel and the edge of a floor slab. It is the author’s experience that when a fire has damaged a curtainwall, flames will break the glass and in some instances will melt the aluminum. The glass breakage happens when flames touch the glass and the silicone has not yet been affected by the heat. The glass is broken due to thermal stress from the differential temperatures between the edge and center of the glass. Post-damage reviews show the silicone is still intact.