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Fire-Retardant Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Nanoclay and POSS
Published in Mangala Joshi, Nanotechnology in Textiles, 2020
P. Santhana Gopala Krishnan, P. Manju, S. K. Nayak
The ideal FRC should have least flame spreadability, negligible release of toxic gases, good thermal stability, exterior durability, ease of application, good wear resistance, flexibility, cleanability, scrub resistance, stain resistance, tolerable solvents, hardness, gloss, good adhesion to the underlying substrate, and economic viability. Satisfying all the above criteria, there are many types of FRCs available in markets (Table 20.1). They are commonly classified into intumescent and nonintumescent coatings (Fig. 20.5) [9]. Intumescent coatings are those that have the ability to swell and form a 3D char coating that serves as an insulating barrier on the top of the substrate under the influence of a fire [10]. This layer decreases the heat and mass transfer between the condensed and vapor phases. Generally, the intumescent FRC contains one char source, an acid and gas source, and one binder resin in which all the components are suspended and coated on a substrate [10, 11]. A carbon source is the char former, an acid source is a dehydrating catalyst, and a gas source or blowing agent forms the 3D porous structure. The details of the acid source and the blowing agents used are tabulated in Table 20.2.
Performanclong sharp shards the toughenede of glass brick wall exposed to fire
Published in Paulo J.S. Cruz, Structures and Architecture: Bridging the Gap and Crossing Borders, 2019
The fire resistance is achieved by combination of different chemical composition of the glass (borosilicate glass is characterized by significantly lower thermal expansion and higher viscosity at high temperatures compared to standard soda-lime glass) and intumescent laminated glass with clear intumescent interlayers replacing the thermoplastic interlayers. The intumescent interlayer reacts to expands in the event of fire and transforms into a rigid, opaque and heat-absorbing fire shield.
Fire Resistance
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Fixed Offshore Platforms, 2018
Intumescent fireproofing is a layer of paint which is applied along with the coating system on the structural steel members. The thickness of this intumescent coating is dependent on the steel section used. Intumescent coatings are paint-like substances which are inert at low temperatures but which provide insulation by swelling to provide a charred layer of low conductivity materials at temperatures of approximately 200°C–250°C. At these temperatures, the properties of steel will not be affected. Most intumescent coatings can traditionally provide up to 60–120 minutes of fire resistance economically (e.g. thick-film epoxy intumescent).
Performance-based prioritisation of fire protection for steel girder overpasses in a complex highway interchange
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Zheda Zhu, Spencer E. Quiel, Aerik Carlton, Kevin A. Mueller, Shalva M. Marjanishvili
All spans are analysed initially as unprotected (i.e. with no passive fire protection) using Equations (4)–(6). Once the mitigation prioritisation is calculated, critical spans can be identified and fire protection strategies developed using Equations (7)–(11). For steel bridge girders, intumescent paint offers the most practical solution for providing passive fire protection in outdoor environments. Intumescent paint is a commercially available passive fire protection material that, when heated, chemically reacts to form a thermally insulating char layer that is many orders of magnitude thicker than the initially applied paint thickness. Intumescent paints that are capable of withstanding the thermal demands of a tanker truck fire and that also have high levels of weather and corrosion resistance are readily available and are often used in the oil and gas industry to protect structures such as offshore platforms, refineries, and pipelines.
Proximal design in South African informal settlements: users as designers and the construction of the built environment and its fire risks
Published in Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 2020
Graham Spinardi, S.J. Cooper-Knock, David Rush
Intumescent paint, for example, has been proposed by non-profit organizations like Khusela Ikhaya Project,26 which claims that it “protects homes inside and out with a fire retardant coating that slows down the spread of fire,” allowing time for evacuation and for fire services to tackle a blaze. Industrial intumescent paints, however, are typically designed not to inhibit fire spread, but rather to protect structural steel from becoming too hot. In fact, such paints may well increase rather than reduce fire spread due to the manner in which they react to fire to create the protection. Moreover, informal settlement dwellings have windows, doors and other gaps through which flames and radiation can pass, even if the paint does serve some function elsewhere. Current testing is insufficient to allay these fears or to prove whether intumescent paint will prove resilient over time (Walls et al. 2019).
Preparation and application of low-temperature-curable, alkylphenol ethoxylate-free, and flame-retardant flocking adhesive
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Haiting Wu, Xiaojuan Jiang, Zaisheng Cai
Various investigations have also been carried out to improve the flame-retardant properties of acrylic emulsions. Intumescent coatings have fabricated from intumescent flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine) or inorganic flame retardants such as aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Jimenez, Duquesne, & Bourbigot, 2012; Liu & Zhang, 2011; Yew, Ramli Sulong, Yew, Amalina, & Johan, 2015a, 2015b; Yildiz, Onen, & Gungor, 2016). Halogenophosphazene derivative is used to synthesize waterborne coatings (Machotova et al., 2016). A satisfactory retardant functionality has been prepared by mixing acrylic emulsions with phosphated 2-HEMA to act as a fire-retardant additive for steel paint (Ahmed, Ramadan, Nour, El-Malak, & Gomaa, 2018). Nevertheless, an acrylic-flocking adhesive with flame-retardant properties has not been reported thus far to the best of our knowledge.